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Paradox of voting information


A crowd of voters queuing at a polling station in Caracas

The paradox of voting, also called Downs' paradox, is that for a rational, self-interested voter, the costs of voting will normally exceed the expected benefits. Because the chance of exercising the pivotal vote is minuscule compared to any realistic estimate of the private individual benefits of the different possible outcomes, the expected benefits of voting are less than the costs.

Responses to the paradox have included the view that voters vote to express their preference for a candidate rather than affect the outcome of the election, that voters exercise some degree of altruism, or that the paradox ignores the collateral benefits associated with voting besides the resulting electoral outcome.

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Paradox of voting

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The paradox of voting, also called Downs' paradox, is that for a rational, self-interested voter, the costs of voting will normally exceed the expected...

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Condorcet paradox

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In social choice theory, a Condorcet paradox (or voting paradox) is a situation where majority rule behaves in a way that is self-contradictory. In such...

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Compulsory voting

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Compulsory voting, also called universal civic duty voting or mandatory voting, is the requirement that registered voters participate in an election. As of January...

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List of paradoxes

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both their best interests to do so. Voting paradox: Also known as Condorcet's paradox and paradox of voting. A group of separately rational individuals may...

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Voting

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Different voting systems allow each voter to cast a different number of votes - only one (single voting as in First-past-the-post voting, Single non-transferable...

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Election ink

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applied to the forefinger (usually) of voters during elections in order to prevent electoral fraud such as double voting. It is an effective method for countries...

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Open ballot system

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An open ballot system is a voting method in which voters vote openly, in contrast to a secret ballot, where a voter's choices are confidential. The open...

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Postal voting

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Postal voting is voting in an election where ballot papers are distributed to electors (and typically returned) by post, in contrast to electors voting in...

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Electronic voting

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Electronic voting is voting that uses electronic means to either aid or take care of casting and counting ballots. Depending on the particular implementation...

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None of the above

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than half of those entitled to vote and registering any evidence of having some opinion." Voting for the Hugo Awards is by instant runoff voting, in which...

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Ballot box

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election but which prevents anyone from accessing the votes cast until the close of the voting period. A ballot drop box allows voters who have received...

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Condorcet method

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JSTOR 30022874?seq=1. S2CID 153482816. Condorcet's paradox [6] of simple majority voting occurs in a voting situation [...] if for every alternative there...

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Social choice theory

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majority vote is the unique neutral, anonymous, and positively responsive voting rule. Compensation principle Computational social choice Condorcet paradox Emotional...

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Altruism theory of voting

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rational individuals would choose to vote despite its apparent lack of individual benefit, explaining the paradox of voting. The theory suggests that individual...

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Polling station

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Voting booths A voting booth or polling booth (in British English) is a room or cabin in a polling station where voters are able to cast their vote in...

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Ballot

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ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election and may be found as a piece of paper or a small ball used in voting. It was originally a small ball...

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Weighted voting

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Weighted voting refers to voting rules that grant some voters a greater influence than others (which contrasts with rules that assign every voter an equal...

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Electoral district

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as the number of seats being filled increases, unless a pro-landslide voting system is used such as general ticket voting. The concept of magnitude explains...

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Electoral precinct

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A precinct or voting district (U.S. terms), polling district (UK term) or polling division (Canadian term), is a subdivision of an electoral district...

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Abstention

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slaves would be better off not voting in order to make a visible protest—but this is a tactical not a moral consideration. Voting would not be evil but, in...

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Voter registration

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ballot in order to vote. Voting can be done in Korean overseas missions. No registration is required: all Spanish citizens of voting age are listed in...

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Strategic voting

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favorite betrayal or lesser-evil voting). Gibbard's theorem and the multiwinner Duggan–Schwartz theorem show that no voting system has a single "always-best"...

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Secret ballot

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improve the efficiency of voting by the introduction of postal voting and remote electronic voting. Some countries permit proxy voting, but some argue this...

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Spoilt vote

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Some paper-based voting systems and most DRE voting machines can notify voters of under-votes and over-votes. The Help America Vote Act requires that...

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Early voting

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Early voting, also called advance polling or pre-poll voting, is a convenience voting process by which voters in a public election can vote before a scheduled...

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