Palmatine information

palmatine
Names
	IUPAC name 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy-5,6-dihydroisoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinolin-7-ium
	Other names Berbericinine
Identifiers
CAS Number	3486-67-7;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL274189;
ChemSpider	5224;
KEGG	C05315 ;
PubChem CID	19009;
UNII	G50C034217;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9048065 ;
	InChI InChI=1/C21H25NO4/c1-23-18-6-5-13-9-17-15-11-20(25-3)19(24-2)10-14(15)7-8-22(17)12-16(13)21(18)26-4/h5-6,10-11,17H,7-9,12H2,1-4H3 Key: AEQDJSLRWYMAQI-UHFFFAOYAT;
	SMILES O(c1c4c(ccc1OC)CC3c2c(cc(OC)c(OC)c2)CCN3C4)C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C21H22NO4+
Molar mass	352.4083 g/mol
Density	1.23 g/cm3
Boiling point	482.9 °C (901.2 °F; 756.0 K) at 760 mmHg
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Palmatine is a protoberberine alkaloid found in several plants including Phellodendron amurense, Coptis Chinensis^[1] (Rhizoma coptidis, chinese goldthread) and Corydalis yanhusuo,^[2] Tinospora cordifolia^[3] (gurjo, heart-leaved moonseed), Tinospora sagittata,^[4] Phellodendron amurense^[5] (amur cork tree), Stephania yunnanensis.^[6]

It is the major component of the protoberberine extract from Enantia chlorantha.^[7]

It has been studied for its potential use in the treatment of jaundice, dysentery, hypertension, inflammation, and liver-related diseases.^[8] This compound also has weak in vitro activity against flavivirus.^[9]

^ Yang, Seong Baek; Kim, Eun Hee; Kim, Seung Hee; Kim, Young Hun; Oh, Weontae; Lee, Jin-Tae; Jang, Young-Ah; Sabina, Yeasmin; Ji, Byung Chul; Yeum, Jeong Hyun (2018-09-17). "Electrospinning Fabrication of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Coptis chinensis Extract Nanofibers for Antimicrobial Exploits". Nanomaterials. 8 (9): 734. doi:10.3390/nano8090734. ISSN 2079-4991. PMC 6164458. PMID 30227671.
^ Zhang, Qian; Chen, Cen; Wang, Feng-Qin; Li, Chun-Hong; Zhang, Qi-Hui; Hu, Yuan-Jia; Xia, Zhi-Ning; Yang, Feng-Qing (2016-12-01). "Simultaneous screening and analysis of antiplatelet aggregation active alkaloids from Rhizoma Corydalis". Pharmaceutical Biology. 54 (12): 3113–3120. doi:10.1080/13880209.2016.1211714. ISSN 1388-0209. PMID 27558975.
^ Kumar, Peeyush; Srivastava, Vartika; Chaturvedi, Rakhi; Sundar, Durai; Bisaria, V. S. (2017-08-01). "Elicitor enhanced production of protoberberine alkaloids from in vitro cell suspension cultures of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. F. & Thoms". Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 130 (2): 417–426. doi:10.1007/s11240-017-1237-0. ISSN 1573-5044. S2CID 41951538.
^ Rong, Qian; Xu, Min; Dong, Qi; Zhang, Yuli; Li, Yinglun; Ye, Gang; Zhao, Ling (2016-08-30). "In vitro and in vivo bactericidal activity of Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. var. craveniana (S.Y.Hu) Lo and its main effective component, palmatine, against porcine Helicobacter pylori". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 16 (1): 331. doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1310-y. ISSN 1472-6882. PMC 5006617. PMID 27576439.
^ Sun, Minglong; Xu, Lijiao; Peng, Yingli; Liu, Tong; Zhang, Yuhong; Zhou, Zhiqiang (2016-04-01). "Multiscale analysis of the contents of palmatine in the Nature populations of Phellodendron amurense in Northeast China". Journal of Forestry Research. 27 (2): 265–272. doi:10.1007/s11676-015-0200-3. ISSN 1993-0607. S2CID 15369649.
^ Xin, Aiyi; Zhang, Yaming; Zhang, Yanxia; Di, Duolong; Liu, Junxi (October 2018). "Development of an HPLC-DAD method for the determination of five alkaloids in Stephania yunnanensis Lo and in rat plasma after oral dose of Stephania yunnanensis Lo extracts". Biomedical Chromatography. 32 (10): e4292. doi:10.1002/bmc.4292. ISSN 1099-0801. PMID 29782649. S2CID 29167917.
^ Virtanen P., Njimi T., Ekotto Mengata D.: Clinical trials of hepatitis cure with protoberberine alkaloids of Enantia Chlorantha (abstract) Eur.J.Clin.Pharmacol.36: A123, 1989b
^ Bhadra K, Kumar GS (January 2010). "Therapeutic potential of nucleic acid-binding isoquinoline alkaloids: Binding aspects and implications for drug design". Medicinal Research Reviews. 31 (6): 821–862. doi:10.1002/med.20202. PMID 20077560. S2CID 206250975.
^ Jia F., Zou G., Fan J., Yuan Z."Identification of palmatine as an inhibitor of West Nile virus" Archives of Virology 2010 155:8 (1325-1329)

[1] Yang, Seong Baek; Kim, Eun Hee; Kim, Seung Hee; Kim, Young Hun; Oh, Weontae; Lee, Jin-Tae; Jang, Young-Ah; Sabina, Yeasmin; Ji, Byung Chul; Yeum, Jeong Hyun (2018-09-17). "Electrospinning Fabrication of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Coptis chinensis Extract Nanofibers for Antimicrobial Exploits". Nanomaterials. 8 (9): 734. doi:10.3390/nano8090734. ISSN 2079-4991. PMC 6164458. PMID 30227671.

[2] Zhang, Qian; Chen, Cen; Wang, Feng-Qin; Li, Chun-Hong; Zhang, Qi-Hui; Hu, Yuan-Jia; Xia, Zhi-Ning; Yang, Feng-Qing (2016-12-01). "Simultaneous screening and analysis of antiplatelet aggregation active alkaloids from Rhizoma Corydalis". Pharmaceutical Biology. 54 (12): 3113–3120. doi:10.1080/13880209.2016.1211714. ISSN 1388-0209. PMID 27558975.

[3] Kumar, Peeyush; Srivastava, Vartika; Chaturvedi, Rakhi; Sundar, Durai; Bisaria, V. S. (2017-08-01). "Elicitor enhanced production of protoberberine alkaloids from in vitro cell suspension cultures of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers ex Hook. F. & Thoms". Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. 130 (2): 417–426. doi:10.1007/s11240-017-1237-0. ISSN 1573-5044. S2CID 41951538.

[4] Rong, Qian; Xu, Min; Dong, Qi; Zhang, Yuli; Li, Yinglun; Ye, Gang; Zhao, Ling (2016-08-30). "In vitro and in vivo bactericidal activity of Tinospora sagittata (Oliv.) Gagnep. var. craveniana (S.Y.Hu) Lo and its main effective component, palmatine, against porcine Helicobacter pylori". BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 16 (1): 331. doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1310-y. ISSN 1472-6882. PMC 5006617. PMID 27576439.

[5] Sun, Minglong; Xu, Lijiao; Peng, Yingli; Liu, Tong; Zhang, Yuhong; Zhou, Zhiqiang (2016-04-01). "Multiscale analysis of the contents of palmatine in the Nature populations of Phellodendron amurense in Northeast China". Journal of Forestry Research. 27 (2): 265–272. doi:10.1007/s11676-015-0200-3. ISSN 1993-0607. S2CID 15369649.

[6] Xin, Aiyi; Zhang, Yaming; Zhang, Yanxia; Di, Duolong; Liu, Junxi (October 2018). "Development of an HPLC-DAD method for the determination of five alkaloids in Stephania yunnanensis Lo and in rat plasma after oral dose of Stephania yunnanensis Lo extracts". Biomedical Chromatography. 32 (10): e4292. doi:10.1002/bmc.4292. ISSN 1099-0801. PMID 29782649. S2CID 29167917.

[7] Virtanen P., Njimi T., Ekotto Mengata D.: Clinical trials of hepatitis cure with protoberberine alkaloids of Enantia Chlorantha (abstract) Eur.J.Clin.Pharmacol.36: A123, 1989b

[8] Bhadra K, Kumar GS (January 2010). "Therapeutic potential of nucleic acid-binding isoquinoline alkaloids: Binding aspects and implications for drug design". Medicinal Research Reviews. 31 (6): 821–862. doi:10.1002/med.20202. PMID 20077560. S2CID 206250975.

[9] Jia F., Zou G., Fan J., Yuan Z."Identification of palmatine as an inhibitor of West Nile virus" Archives of Virology 2010 155:8 (1325-1329)

Palmatine information

and 17 Related for: Palmatine information

Palmatine

Corydalis yanhusuo

SkQ

Phellodendron amurense

Coptis chinensis

Nephroia carolina

Anamirta cocculus

Corydaline synthase

Coscinium fenestratum

Huang Bai

Phellodendrine

Phellodendron

HEC96719

Canadine

Jatrorrhizine

Zanthoxylum coco

Berberis koreana