Paleogenetics is the study of the past through the examination of preserved genetic material from the remains of ancient organisms.[1][2] Emile Zuckerkandl and Linus Pauling introduced the term in 1963, long before the sequencing of DNA, in reference to the possible reconstruction of the corresponding polypeptide sequences of past organisms.[3] The first sequence of ancient DNA, isolated from a museum specimen of the extinct quagga, was published in 1984 by a team led by Allan Wilson.[4]
Paleogeneticists do not recreate actual organisms, but piece together ancient DNA sequences using various analytical methods.[5] Fossils are "the only direct witnesses of extinct species and of evolutionary events"[6] and finding DNA within those fossils exposes tremendously more information about these species, potentially their entire physiology and anatomy.
The most ancient DNA sequence to date was reported in February 2021, from the tooth of a Siberian mammoth frozen for over a million years.[7][8]
^Brown TA, Brown KA (October 1994). "Ancient DNA: using molecular biology to explore the past". BioEssays. 16 (10): 719–726. doi:10.1002/bies.950161006. PMID 7980476. S2CID 27567988.
^Pääbo S, Poinar H, Serre D, Jaenicke-Despres V, Hebler J, Rohland N, et al. (2004). "Genetic analyses from ancient DNA". Annual Review of Genetics. 38: 645–679. doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143214. PMID 15568989.
^Pauling L, Zuckerkandl E, Henriksen T, Lövstad R (1963). "Chemical Paleogenetics: Molecular "Restoration Studies" of Extinct Forms of Life". Acta Chemica Scandinavica. 17 (supl): 9–16. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.17s-0009.
^Higuchi R, Bowman B, Freiberger M, Ryder OA, Wilson AC (1984). "DNA sequences from the quagga, an extinct member of the horse family". Nature. 312 (5991): 282–284. Bibcode:1984Natur.312..282H. doi:10.1038/312282a0. PMID 6504142. S2CID 4313241.
^Gibbons A (December 2010). "Tiny time machines revisit ancient life". Science. 330 (6011): 1616. Bibcode:2010Sci...330.1616G. doi:10.1126/science.330.6011.1616. PMID 21163988.
"Paleogenetics: Unlocking the secrets from DNA of long ago". SciTechStory. March 6, 2011. Archived from the original on 2015-10-18.
^Geigl EM (2008). "Palaeogenetics of cattle domestication: Methodological challenges for the study of fossil bones preserved in the domestication centre in Southwest Asia". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 7 (2–3): 99–112. Bibcode:2008CRPal...7...99G. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2008.02.001.
^Hunt K (17 February 2021). "World's oldest DNA sequenced from a mammoth that lived more than a million years ago". CNN News. Retrieved 17 February 2021.
^Callaway E (February 2021). "Million-year-old mammoth genomes shatter record for oldest ancient DNA". Nature. 590 (7847): 537–538. Bibcode:2021Natur.590..537C. doi:10.1038/d41586-021-00436-x. PMID 33597786.
Paleogenetics is the study of the past through the examination of preserved genetic material from the remains of ancient organisms. Emile Zuckerkandl...
The Sicilians (Sicilian: Siciliani), or Sicilian people, are a Romance-speaking ethnic group who are indigenous to the island of Sicily, the largest island...
Paleobotany – Study of organic evolution of plants based on fossils Paleogenetics – study of the past through the examination of preserved genetic material...
The genetic history of Central Africa encompasses the genetic history of the people of Central Africa. The Sahara served as a trans-regional passageway...
The Nuragic civilization, also known as the Nuragic culture, was a civilization or culture on the Mediterranean island of Sardinia, Italy, which lasted...
The Polada culture (22nd to 16th centuries BCE) is the name for a culture of the ancient Bronze Age which spread primarily in the territory of modern-day...
Novosvobodnaya culture (Russian: Новосвободненская культура Novosvobodnenskaya kultura, also Novosvobodna, Novosvobodnaja) is an archaeological culture...
The genetic history of Eastern Africa encompasses the genetic history of the people of Eastern Africa. The Sahara served as a trans-regional passageway...
The Beaker culture in Sardinia appeared circa 2100 BC (or according to other datations in 2300 BC or earlier) during the last phase of the Chalcolithic...
Okunev culture (ru: Окуневская культура, romanized: Okunevskaya kul'tura, lit. 'Okunev culture'), also known as Okunevo culture, was a south Siberian archaeological...
The genetic history of Southern Africa encompasses the genetic history of the people of Southern Africa. The Sahara served as a trans-regional passageway...
The necropolis of Tuvixeddu (pronounced [tuviˈʒeɖːu]) is a Punic necropolis, the largest in the Mediterranean. It is located in a hill inside the city...
The genetic history of West Africa encompasses the genetic history of the people of West Africa. The Sahara served as a trans-regional passageway and place...
Bolshoy Oleny Island (Russian: Большой Олений остров (Great Reindeer Island)) is an island in the Kola district of the Murmansk region of Russia. It is...
Nicole; Morales-Muñiz, Arturo; Bălăşescu, Adrian (19 June 2017). "The paleogenetics of cat dispersal in the ancient world". Nature Ecology & Evolution....
The Bonnanaro culture is a protohistoric culture that flourished in Sardinia during the 2nd millennium BC (1800–1600 BC), considered to be the first stage...
Several theories, in great extent mutually exclusive, address the issue of the origin of the Romanians. The Romanian language descends from the Vulgar...
researched within academia, in fields such as human genetics including paleogenetics, social anthropology, comparative politics, history of religions, history...
"Deciphering The Ecological Impact of the Passenger Pigeon: A Synthesis of Paleogenetics, Paleoecology, Morphology, and Physiology" (PDF), UC Santa Cruz, pp...
of cell structures in a medieval infant brain: a paleohistological, paleogenetic, radiological and physico-chemical study". NeuroImage. 50 (3): 893–901...
Giulotto, E.; Hrabar, H.; Oyunsuren, T.; Pruvost, M. (2016). "Genetics and Paleogenetics of Equids". In Ransom, J. I.; Kaczensky, P. (eds.). Wild Equids: Ecology...
'step' to favour solid support priming). Suicide PCR: typically used in paleogenetics or other studies where avoiding false positives and ensuring the specificity...