Written agreement of the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War
Instrument of Surrender of Pakistan
Lt. Gen. A. A. K. Niazi of the Pakistan Army signing the Instrument of Surrender under the direction of Lt. Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora of the Indian Army and Bangladesh Forces[1]
Ratified
16 December 1971
Location
Dacca, East Pakistan (now Bangladesh)
Signatories
A. A. K. Niazi Jagjit Singh Aurora
Subject
Surrender of the Pakistan Armed Forces Eastern Command
Purpose
Ending the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
The Pakistani Instrument of Surrender (Bengali: পাকিস্তানের আত্মসমর্পণের দলিল, romanized: Pākistānēr Atmasamarpaṇēr Dalil) was a legal document signed between India (alongside the Provisional Government of Bangladesh) and Pakistan to end the Bangladesh Liberation War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971.[2] Per the trilateral agreement, the Pakistani government surrendered the Armed Forces Eastern Command,[1][3][4] thereby enabling the establishment of the People's Republic of Bangladesh over the territory of East Pakistan. The document was signed by Jagjit Singh Aurora and Pakistan's A. A. K. Niazi, who corroborated the surrender of 93,000 Pakistani soldiers — the world's largest surrender in terms of number of personnel since World War II.[5][6] Despite the agreement, Pakistan did not formally recognize Bangladeshi sovereignty until February 1974.
The ratification of the agreement by all sides also marked the end of the Bangladesh genocide, perpetrated by Pakistan during the conflict. Bangladesh and the Indian Armed Forces celebrate Pakistan's 1971 defeat and surrender on an annual basis, observing 16 December as Victory Day.
^ ab"The Surrender Document". The New York Times. 17 December 1971. Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2021.
^Burke, S. M. (1974). Mainsprings of Indian and Pakistani foreign policies. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-6172-5. OCLC 234380949. ...continuing deadlock over the release of some 93,000 Pakistani prisoners of war, including 15,000 civilian men, women and children, captured in East Pakistan (the few hundred prisoners captured by each side on the Western front were exchanged on December 1, 1972).
^Islam, Sirajul; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza; Ahmed, Sabbir, eds. (2012). "Prisoners of War, Trial of". Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. ISBN 984-32-0576-6. OCLC 52727562. OL 30677644M. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
^"Flashback: From behind the barbed wire". Dawn. 16 December 2012. Archived from the original on 16 December 2021. Retrieved 16 December 2021.
^Koul, Bill K. (2020). The Exiled Pandits of Kashmir: Will They Ever Return Home?. Springer Nature. p. 254. ISBN 978-981-15-6537-3. Archived from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2022. More than 90,000...., the largest ever since World War 2.
^"Country marks 50 years of 1971 war". The Hindu. 16 December 2021. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 January 2022. It was the largest military surrender after the Second World War and the Indian armed forces, along with Mukti Bahini, liberated Bangladesh in a span of just 13 days and also the surrender of 93,000 Pakistani soldiers, the largest surrender of armed forces post Second World War.
and 21 Related for: Pakistani Instrument of Surrender information
led to the surrenderof 93,000 personnel including families of the Pakistan's East Command and cessation of hostilities between the Pakistani Armed Forces...
sided with the Pakistan Army instead. Pakistani President Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan ordered the Pakistani military to restore the Pakistani government's...
an instrumentof unconditional surrender. View: InstrumentofSurrender. The photograph of Niazi and Aurora at the signing of the Instrumentsof Surrender...
attraction of the project is a 50-meter high tower composed of stacked glass panels, which stands at the place where the PakistaniInstrumentofSurrender was...
anniversary of the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971. Annexation of Goa Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Meghna Heli Bridge PakistaniInstrumentofSurrender Col. C L...
December 1971, when the joint forces of Bangladesh and India received the PakistaniInstrumentofSurrender. As a result of the conflict, approximately 10 million...
Following the failure of last-ditch talks on the formation of a government, Pakistani president Yahya Khan ordered the Pakistani Army to launch Operation...
remaining Pakistani forces, Lieutenant General Jagjit Singh Aurora of India and A.A.K. Niazi ofPakistan signed the PakistaniInstrumentofSurrender at 16:31Hrs...
about Pakistani troop movements. The Indian and Mukti Bahini greatly outnumbered the three Pakistani army divisions of East Pakistan. The Battle of Sylhet...
eliminated. He was present at the Ramna Race Course when the PakistaniInstrumentofSurrender was signed by Lieutenant General A. A. K. Niazi. He was awarded...
independent country on 16 December 1971 through the signing ofPakistaniInstrumentofSurrender. During the 9 months' struggling, Bangladesh became independent...
at the Pakistan Institute of International Affairs, claimed that Jadhav was caught by the Taliban and sold to Pakistani intelligence. Pakistani newspaper...
December 1971 Pakistan forces surrendered to an allied force of Indian Armed Forces and the Mukti Bahini through the PakistaniInstrumentofSurrender. That day...
also several other symbols including the national animal, bird, flower, instrument and tree. Amar Sonar Bangla (আমার সোনার বাংলা, "My dear Bengal") is a...
the head of the Eastern Air Command in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Hari Chand Dewan was born on 20 September 1921. In 1940 he was one of the 24 Indian...
appointment during the 1971 Indo-Pakistani war and was in the eastern sector when the PakistaniInstrumentofSurrender was signed by Lieutenant General...
the army or government. The BBC describes Pakistani media as "among the most outspoken in South Asia". Pakistani media has been instrumental in exposing...