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Outcome switching information


Outcome switching is the practice of changing the primary or secondary outcomes of a clinical trial after its initiation. An outcome is the goal of the clinical trial, such as survival after five years for cancer treatment. Outcome switching can lead to bias and undermine the reliability of the trial, for instance when outcomes are switched after researchers already have access to trial data. That way, researchers can cherry pick an outcome which is statistically significant.

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Outcome switching

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Outcome switching is the practice of changing the primary or secondary outcomes of a clinical trial after its initiation. An outcome is the goal of the...

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PACE trial

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changed, i.e. it used a more sensitive measure of the same primary outcome. Outcome switching is a practice that can lead to bias and undermine reliability...

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Post hoc analysis

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needed] HARKing Testing hypotheses suggested by the data Nemenyi test Outcome switching "What is the significance and use of post-hoc analysis studies?"....

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Customer switching

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In marketing and microeconomics, customer switching or consumer switching describes "customers/consumers abandoning a product or service in favor of a...

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Party switching

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Party switching is any change in political party affiliation of a partisan public figure, usually one currently holding elected office. Party switching occurs...

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Monty Hall problem

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car (1 of 3 doors), the contestant will not win the car by switching. Using the switching strategy, winning or losing thus only depends on whether the...

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Candida albicans

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high-frequency switching system discovered in C. albicans. The white-opaque switch is an epigenetic switching system. Phenotypic switching is often used...

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List of Dragon Ball soundtracks

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Formidable Warrior, the Saiyan 疾走バトル! Scampering Battle! 逆転挽回 An Outcome Switching Recovery Dragon Soul (Orchestra Version) 平穏な時間 Tanquil Times 大魔王現る...

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Switching barriers

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Switching barriers or switching costs are terms used in microeconomics, strategic management, and marketing. They may be defined as the disadvantages...

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Boolean function

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Retrieved 2021-05-03. "switching function". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2021-05-03. Davies, D. W. (December 1957). "Switching Functions of Three Variables"...

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Karpman drama triangle

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rather were used fluidly and switched between by the actors in a way that achieved unconscious goals and agendas. The outcome in such cases was that the...

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Dental implant

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abutment is used, referred to as platform switching. The combination of conical fits and platform switching gives marginally better long term periodontal...

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The Switch Drag Race season 1

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to determine the outcome of the competition. After eliminating the weakest performer by the judges' vote, the winner of The Switch is crowned the best...

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Prey switching

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morphs. In comparison, prey switching has been used when describing the choice between different species. The term switching was first coined by the ecologist...

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2023 Sabah political crisis

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Sabah political leaders. This crisis resulted in the approval of the Anti-Switching Parties Law in Sabah (approved in 25 May 2023). As of 6 February, there...

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Strategic entry deterrence

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when switching. The costs associated with switching commonly fall under three categories; procedural, financial, and relational. Procedural switching costs...

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Consumer behaviour

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incentives to switching. The concept of switching costs (also known as switching barriers) is pertinent to the understanding of brand switching. Switching costs...

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Switching noise jitter

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result is SNJ. At present, many modern switching DC-DC converters offer dual-mode operation. At full load, the switching frequency is held constant and the...

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Pulse sequence

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magnetic resonance imaging, additional gradient pulses are applied by switching magnetic fields that exhibit a space-dependent gradient which can be used...

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Real options valuation

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a good example of this type of option. This option is also known as a Switching option. Where there is uncertainty as to when, and how, business or other...

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Multilingualism

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This code-switching appears in many forms. If a speaker has a positive attitude towards both languages and towards code-switching, many switches can be found...

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Antipsychotic switching

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Antipsychotic switching refers to the process of switching out one antipsychotic for another antipsychotic. There are multiple indications for switching antipsychotics...

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Theory of planned behavior

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and outcome expectancy. He defined self-efficacy as the conviction that one can successfully execute the behavior required to produce the outcome in question...

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List of The Resident episodes

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able to take his repeat drug test by stealing urine from a patient and switching the containers. Conrad gets Devon to cover for him so he can spend some...

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Switched at Birth season 1

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The first season of Switched at Birth, an American drama television series, began airing on ABC Family on June 6, 2011, and concluded on October 22, 2012...

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