Ostracods, or ostracodes, are a class of the Crustacea (class Ostracoda), sometimes known as seed shrimp. Some 33,000 species (only 13,000 of which are extant) have been identified,[2] grouped into 7 valid orders.[2] They are small crustaceans, typically around 1 mm (0.04 in) in size, but varying from 0.2 to 30 mm (0.008 to 1 in) in the case of the marine Gigantocypris. The largest known freshwater species is Megalocypris princeps, which reach 8mm in length.[3][4] In most cases, their bodies are flattened from side to side and protected by a bivalve-like valve or "shell" made of chitin, and often calcium carbonate. The family Entocytheridae and many planktonic forms do not have calcium carbonate.[5][6] The hinge of the two valves is in the upper (dorsal) region of the body. Ostracods are grouped together based on shell and soft part morphology. While early work indicated the group may not be monophyletic[7] and early molecular phylogeny was ambiguous on this front,[8] recent combined analyses of molecular and morphological data suggested monophyly in analyses with broadest taxon sampling, but this monophyly had no or very little support (Fig. 1 - bootstrap 0, 17 and 46, often values above 95 are considered sufficient for the taxon support).[9] They have a wide range of diets, and the class includes carnivores, herbivores, scavengers and filter feeders, but most ostracods are deposit feeders.
^Williams, Mark; Siveter, David J.; Salas, María José; Vannier, Jean; Popov, Leonid E.; Ghobadi Pour, Mansoureh (2008). "The earliest ostracods: the geological evidence". Senckenbergiana Lethaea. 88: 11–21. doi:10.1007/BF03043974. S2CID 128542158.
^ abBrandão, S.N.; Antonietto, L.S; Nery, D.G.; Santos, S.G.; Karanovic, I. (2023). World Ostracoda Database. Accessed at https://www.marinespecies.org/ostracoda on 2023-09-12. doi:10.14284/364
^Freshwater Life: A field guide to the plants and animals of southern Africa
^The Triassic-Jurassic Terrestrial Transition: 37
^Jöst, Anna B. (January 2012). Ecological Evaluation of Ostracode (Crustacea) Occurrence in the City of Munich & Phylogenetic Relationships between Ostracode Species and Populations from Bavaria (master thesis). Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich.
^Ostracoda - Oxford Academic
^Richard A. Fortey & Richard H. Thomas (1998). Arthropod Relationships. Chapman & Hall. ISBN 978-0-412-75420-3.
^S. Yamaguchi & K. Endo (2003). "Molecular phylogeny of Ostracoda (Crustacea) inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences: implication for its origin and diversification". Marine Biology. 143 (1): 23–38. doi:10.1007/s00227-003-1062-3. S2CID 83831572.
^Zaharoff, Alexander K.; Lindgren, Annie R.; Wolfe, Joanna M.; Oakley, Todd H. (2013-01-01). "Phylotranscriptomics to Bring the Understudied into the Fold: Monophyletic Ostracoda, Fossil Placement, and Pancrustacean Phylogeny". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 30 (1): 215–233. doi:10.1093/molbev/mss216. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 22977117.
Ostracods, or ostracodes, are a class of the Crustacea (class Ostracoda), sometimes known as seed shrimp. Some 33,000 species (only 13,000 of which are...
Ostracod Limestone may refer to: Kilmaluag Formation or Ostracod Limestone, a Middle Jurassic geologic formation in Scotland Ostracod Beds or Ostracod...
(2018). A large-sized (12.9 mm maximum length) right valve of a marine ostracod is described from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar by Xing et al. (2018)...
Gigantocypris, sometimes known as giant ostracod or giant seed shrimp, is a genus of ostracod crustaceans in family Cypridinidae, and among the most well-known...
ancient lake, Tanganyika, Baikal is a center for ostracod diversity. About 90% of the Lake Baikal ostracods are endemic, meaning that there are c. 200 endemic...
eastern Alberta and western Saskatchewan. Natural gas is extracted from the Ostracod and Glauconite beds in southern Alberta, and light oil is extracted from...
Liocypris grandis is a species of ostracod which was long presumed extinct. It was rediscovered in the Western Cape of South Africa in 2003, having not...
This list of prehistoric ostracods is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered...
Namibcypris costata is an extinct species of ostracod crustaceans in the family Candonidae, possibly endemic to the southern Kaokoveld in northern Namibia...
within the phylum Crustacea also have a carapace. These include Cladocera, ostracods, and isopods, but isopods only have a developed "cephalic shield" carapace...
urchins and starfish (sea stars) thrived. Ostracods were abundant in Cretaceous marine settings; ostracod species characterised by high male sexual investment...
legless). All members are exclusively terrestrial. Pancrustaceans comprise ostracods, barnacles, copepods, malacostracans, cephalocaridans, branchiopods, remipedes...
Triebelina, is published by Forel et al. (2024). Taxonomic revision of ostracods from the Lower Cretaceous Codó Formation (Brazil) is published by Coimbra...
Chlamydotheca is a genus of freshwater ostracods in the family Cyprididae. About 36 species are known to occur throughout continental waters. Four species...
Quaternary sediments, including many subfossilized chironomid head capsules, ostracod carapaces, diatoms, and foraminifera. For remains such as molluscan seashells...
Naturally occurring Ostracods in freshwater bodies are impacted by changes in salinity and pH due to human activities. Analysis of Ostracod shells in sediment...
initial supratidal environments characterized by charophytic marls and ostracod limestones followed by a resurgence of marine conditions, evident from...
Potamocypris smaragdina is a species of ostracod crustacean in the family Cyprididae, subfamily Cypridopsinae. It is known from both Europe and North America...
unmetamorphosed marine Ordovician limestone with fossil trilobites, crinoids, and ostracods from this ancient ocean. Today, the Indian plate continues to be driven...
2018). "High male sexual investment as a driver of extinction in fossil ostracods". Nature. 556 (7701): 366–369. Bibcode:2018Natur.556..366M. doi:10...
American Western Interior foreland basin: new biostratigraphic results from ostracod correlations and early mammals, and their implications for paleontology...
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