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Jewish cemetery in Budapest, c. 1920; the word "Orthodox" (ארטאדאקסען) is on the wall, 2nd to the left. Hungarian Jews were the first to form an independent Orthodox organization.
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Orthodox Judaism is the collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism. Theologically, it is chiefly defined by regarding the Torah, both Written and Oral, as revealed by God to Moses on Mount Sinai and faithfully transmitted ever since.
Orthodox Judaism, therefore, advocates a strict observance of Jewish law, or halakha, which is supposed to be exclusively interpreted and determined according to traditional methods and it is supposed to be adhered to according to the continuum of precedents which have been received through the ages. It regards the entire halakhic system as a system of law which is ultimately grounded in immutable revelation, essentially beyond external influence. Key practices are observing the Sabbath, eating kosher, and Torah study. Key doctrines include a future Messiah who will restore Jewish practice by building the temple in Jerusalem and gathering all the Jews to Israel, belief in a future bodily resurrection of the dead, divine reward and punishment for the righteous and the sinners.
Orthodox Judaism is not a centralized denomination. Relations between its different subgroups are sometimes strained, and the exact limits of Orthodoxy are subjected to intense debate. Very roughly, it may be divided between Haredi Judaism, which is more conservative and reclusive, and Modern Orthodox Judaism,which is relatively open to outer society. Each of those is itself formed of independent communities. Together, they are almost uniformly exclusionist, regarding Orthodoxy not as a variety of Judaism, but as Judaism itself.
While it adheres to traditional beliefs, the movement is a modern phenomenon. It arose as a result of the breakdown of the autonomous Jewish community since the 18th century, and it was greatly shaped by a conscious struggle against the pressures of secularization and the lure of rival alternatives. The strictly observant Orthodox are a definite minority among all Jews, but there are also numerous semi-practicing and non-practicing individuals who affiliate or identify with Orthodoxy. It is the largest Jewish religious group, estimated to have over two million practicing adherents, and at least an equal number of nominal members.
OrthodoxJudaism is the collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism. Theologically, it is chiefly defined by regarding the...
Modern OrthodoxJudaism (also Modern Orthodox or Modern Orthodoxy) is a movement within OrthodoxJudaism that attempts to synthesize Jewish values and...
in English; plural Haredim or Charedim) consists of groups within OrthodoxJudaism that are characterized by their strict interpretation of religious...
of Judaism such as Humanistic Judaism may be considered secular or nontheistic. Today, the largest Jewish religious movements are OrthodoxJudaism (Haredi...
observant of OrthodoxJudaism is called teshuva ("return" in Hebrew) making the "returnee" a baal teshuva ("master of return"). Orthodox Jewish outreach...
mother-in-law, Naomi). These rules are held as authoritative by OrthodoxJudaism and Conservative Judaism.[citation needed] Within Orthodoxy it is commonly understood...
within Judaism which have developed among Jews from ancient times. Today in the west, the most prominent divisions are between traditionalist Orthodox movements...
between OrthodoxJudaism, Conservative Judaism, and Reform Judaism. Baruch Spinoza, Mordecai Kaplan, and prominent atheists have criticized Judaism because...
Women in Judaism have affected the course of Judaism over millenia. Their role is reflected in the Hebrew Bible, the Oral Law (the corpus of rabbinic...
Reform Judaism, also known as Liberal Judaism or Progressive Judaism, is a major Jewish denomination that emphasizes the evolving nature of Judaism, the...
Torah Judaism refers to schools of thought in Judaism perceived to be most adherent to the Torah and mitzvot. The term is often used by Orthodox Jewish...
orthodoxy OrthodoxJudaism, a branch of Judaism Haredi Judaism, groups within OrthodoxJudaism that reject modern secular culture Hasidic Judaism, a sub-group...
Retrieved 2020-05-22. "Employees of New Kosher Mariano's Learn about OrthodoxJudaism". jcfs.org. Retrieved 2020-05-22. "Young Israel Northbrook". yionb...
A rabbi (/ˈræbaɪ/) is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi—known as semikha—following...
123–125. ISBN 9780473174972. OCLC 870902313. Schultz, Joseph P. (1981). Judaism and the Gentile Faiths: Comparative Studies in Religion. Fairleigh Dickinson...
The Messiah in Judaism (Hebrew: מָשִׁיחַ, romanized: māšīaḥ) is a savior and liberator figure in Jewish eschatology who is believed to be the future redeemer...
century). These practices are most commonly observed within OrthodoxJudaism. In Conservative Judaism, the practices are normative, with certain leniencies...
Reconstructionist Judaism is recognized by many scholars as one of the five major streams of Judaism in America alongside Orthodox, Conservative, Reform...
to those beliefs which contradict the traditional doctrines of Rabbinic Judaism, including theological beliefs and opinions about the practice of halakha...
notion of and desire for the Third Temple is sacred in Judaism, particularly in OrthodoxJudaism. It would be the most sacred place of worship for Jews...
was alien to traditional Judaism. He was often accused of obscurity on the subject by his opponents, both Reform and Orthodox. The American movement largely...
Jewish laws pertaining to conduct. The concept is most important within OrthodoxJudaism. Tzniut includes a group of Jewish laws concerned with modesty of both...
Judaism are complex and include a range of trends from the conciliatory and welcoming to hostile and antagonistic. The essential position of Orthodox...
personal status, especially marriage. These recognized communities are OrthodoxJudaism (administered by the Chief Rabbinate), Islam, the Druze faith, the...
made from any other species is not considered chametz. However, among Orthodox Ashkenazi and some Sephardic customs, the custom (minhag) during Passover...
were offered as a fulfillment of Biblical commandments. According to OrthodoxJudaism, the coming of the messiah will not remove the requirement to keep...
as "Orthodox Islam". However, other scholars of Islam, such as John Burton believe that there is no such thing as "Orthodox Islam." OrthodoxJudaism is...
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