Anatomy of Phalangium cornutum. d, Sheath of penis. e, penis. f, glans.
The penis of the Opiliones (harvestmen) is an intromittent organ that is not present in other arachnids. It consists of a long shaft (the truncus) and a terminal capsule called a glans, containing a stylus and ejaculatory duct. It may have from one to three muscles, or none as in the specialized lineage Grassatores, where the penis is operated by haemolymph pressure. In some members of the Cyphophthalmi, the structure has been termed a "spermatopositor".[1]
This denomination refers to a superficial similarity (analogy) with vertebrate penises and does not have any phylogenetic relationship with it.
^Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha; Glauco Machado; Gonzalo Giribet, eds. (2006). "Morphology and Functional Anatomy". Harvestmen: the Biology of Opiliones. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 59–60. ISBN 0-674-02343-9.
The penis of the Opiliones (harvestmen) is an intromittent organ that is not present in other arachnids. It consists of a long shaft (the truncus) and...
the ventral cephalothorax, and the copulation is direct as male Opiliones have a penis, unlike other arachnids. All species lay eggs. Typical body length...
Opiliones (commonly known as harvestmen) are an order of arachnids and share many common characteristics with other arachnids. However, several differences...
Laniatores is the largest suborder of the arachnid order Opiliones with over 4,200 described species worldwide. The majority of the species are highly...
muscle groups are attached. The endosternite is even calcified in some Opiliones. Most arachnids lack extensor muscles in the distal joints of their appendages...
Anelasmocephalus hadzii is a species of trogulid, a group of opiliones, native to Europe. A. hadzii has all legs except for the calcaneus are very hairy...
harvestmen (order Opiliones) with more than 800 species, the largest in the suborder Laniatores and the second largest of the Opiliones as a whole. The...
inserts it into the female's genital opening. In Opiliones (harvestmen), males have a structure called a penis, which is not present in other arachnids. In...
Also the very long penis with an elongated glans. "Dendrolasma". Kury, A. et al. (2023). WCO-Lite: World Catalogue of Opiliones. Retrieved 2023-12-27...
gender. "Cladolasma". Kury, A. et al. (2023). WCO-Lite: World Catalogue of Opiliones. Retrieved 2023-12-27. "Cladolasma". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2023-12-27...
small setae. Schwendinger, P.J.; Gruber, J. (1992). "A new Dendrolasma (Opiliones, Nemastomatidae) from Thailand" (PDF). Bulletin of the British Arachnological...
Taylor (2004). "New Zealand harvestmen of the subfamily Megalopsalidinae (Opiliones: Monoscutidae) – the genus Pantopsalis" (PDF). Tuhinga: Records of the...
Quindina albomarginis is a species of Neotropical harvestman in the order Opiliones. It is found in the tropical forests of Panama. As with other harvestmen...
ailaoshan, a new species of the genus Cladolasma Suzuki, 1963 from China (Opiliones, Nemastomatidae, Ortholasmatinae)". ZooKeys (748): 11–20. Bibcode:2018ZooK...
Timesius. "Eutimesius". Kury, A. et al. (2024). WCO-Lite: World Catalogue of Opiliones. Retrieved 22 February 2024. "Eutimesius". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved...
biogeographical history of an ancient and global group of arachnids (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi) with a new taxonomic arrangement". Biological Journal...
families in Opiliones. They are endemic of the New World with a Nearctic-Neotropical distribution where a large fraction of the diversity of Opiliones are represented...
2010). "Key to the Species of Cosmetidae (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Central America, with Notes on Penis Morphology and Sexual Dimorphisms". Zootaxa. 2414...
genus, three new species and a revision of the known species (Arachnida, Opiliones, Nemastomatidae)". Revue suisse de Zoologie. 126 (1): 79-110. doi:10.5281/zenodo...
"Fissiphallius". Kury, A. et al. (2023). WCO-Lite: World Catalogue of Opiliones. Retrieved 27 February 2024. "Fissiphallius". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved...
a small order of large mites that superficially resemble harvestmen (Opiliones), hence their name Holothyrida - small group of predatory mites native...
arachnids use internal fertilization. Except for opiliones and some mites, where the male have a penis used for direct fertilization, fertilization in...
internal fertilization. Opiliones (harvestmen), millipedes, and some crustaceans use modified appendages such as gonopods or penises to transfer the sperm...
173ff Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Machado, G. & Giribet, G. (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press ISBN 0-674-02343-9...
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