Open Dialogue is an alternative approach[1] for treating psychosis as well as other mental health disorders developed in the 1980s in Finland by Yrjö Alanen and his collaborators.[2] Open dialogue interventions are currently being trialed in several other countries including Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Norway, Poland, the United Kingdom,[3] and the United States.[4] In Israel there is a non-governmental organization called Open Dialogue Israel.[5]
Open Dialogue (OD) developed from Need-Adapted Treatment as described by Alanen and colleagues in the early 1990s. This approach took shape within the mental health services of Finnish Western Lapland in the 1980s and 1990s. During its initial research and training in psychotherapy, seven key principles were identified:[6]
providing immediate help
considering clients' social network during the treatment
being flexible and mobile during the treatment
assigning the responsibility of organizing treatments to one professional
ensuring psychological continuity
accepting uncertainty
engaging in dialogism
The first five principles focus on the organizational aspects of delivering mental health services; the last two principles are about the conversational methods mental health professionals use in network meetings with clients.[7] The participation of friends and family, responding to the client's utterances, trying to make meaning of what a client has to say, and "tolerating uncertainty".[8]
A recently published global survey on the worldwide implementation of Open Dialogue in mental health services gathered data from 142 Open Dialogue teams in 24 countries, mainly in Europe. Key factors enhancing Open Dialogue implementation included well-trained staff, regular supervisions, research capabilities, diverse professional teams, self-referrals, outpatient services, younger clients, and the involvement of experts by experience. The study underscores the importance of more Open Dialogue training, supervision, and research.[9]
^Larkin, Michael; Boden, Zoë; Newton, Elizabeth (30 May 2017). "If psychosis were cancer: a speculative comparison". Medical Humanities. 43 (2): 118–123. doi:10.1136/medhum-2016-011091. PMC 5520006. PMID 28559369.
^Aaltonen, Jukka; Seikkula, Jaakko; Lehtinen, Klaus (2011). "The Comprehensive Open-Dialogue Approach in Western Lapland: I. The incidence of non-affective psychosis and prodromal states". Psychosis. 3 (3). Informa UK Limited: 179–191. doi:10.1080/17522439.2011.601750. ISSN 1752-2439. S2CID 143466250.
^"Open Dialogue: The radical new treatment having life-changing effects on people's mental health". The Independent. 6 December 2015. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved May 29, 2020.
^Cite error: The named reference review was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Open Dialogue Israel".
^Seikkula, Birgitta Alakare, Jukka A, Jaakko (October 2001). "Open Dialogue in Psychosis I: An Introduction and Case Illustration". Journal of Constructivist Psychology. 14 (4): 247–265. doi:10.1080/10720530125965. ISSN 1072-0537. S2CID 216136239.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Seikkula, Jaakko (March 2003). "Open dialogue integrates individual and systemic approaches in serious psychiatric crises". Smith College Studies in Social Work. 73 (2): 227–245. doi:10.1080/00377310309517683. ISSN 0037-7317. S2CID 144131651.
^Mary Olson; Jaakko Seikkula; Douglas Ziedonis. "The Key Elements of Dialogic Practice in Open Dialogue: Fidelity Criteria" (PDF).
^Pocobello, Raffaella; Camilli, Francesca; Alvarez-Monjaras, Mauricio; Bergström, Tomi; von Peter, Sebastian; Hopfenberg, Mark; Aderhold, Volkmar; Pilling, Stephen; Seikkula, Jaakko; el Sehity, Tarek (2023). "Open Dialogue services around the world: a scoping survey exploring organizational characteristics in the implementation of the Open Dialogue approach in mental health services". Frontiers in Psychology. 14: 1–16. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1241936. PMC 10668593. PMID 38023059.
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