Nomenclature arrangement for Chinese government bodies
The entrance to the former office building of the Shanghai Municipal Culture and Tourism Bureau (上海市文化和旅游局), with additional signs of the "Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Cultural Relics" (上海市文物局), "Shanghai Radio and Television Bureau" (上海市广播电视局) and "Shanghai Cultural Relics Management Committee" (上海市文物管理委员会) name plates can be seen.
"One institution with two names" (Chinese: 一个机构两块牌子; pinyin: yīgè jīgòu liǎng kuài páizi; lit. 'one agency two signs') is a bureaucratic arrangement in the Chinese government wherein a government agency exists in name only, and its functions are in practice performed by another agency or a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organization, so that in effect one institution has two or more governmental brands or trade names to use selectively for political, historical, or bureaucratic reasons. This type of arrangement was historically common until the mid-1980s, but has been extensively revived by reforms which began in 2017.[1][2][3]
Generally, the purpose of retaining the name of the state institution is so that the party institution has the option of using it where it may be legally or aesthetically appropriate. For example, one name can be used domestically and another used when dealing with institutions outside China. The arrangement can be achieved by either "adding a name" (加挂牌子; jiā guà páizi) or "externally reserving a name" (对外保留牌子; duìwài bǎoliú páizi).[2] The arrangement is also sometimes referred to as "one institution, two brands."[4]
Within Chinese bureaucratic nomenclature, "one institution with two names" is distinct from "co-located offices" (Chinese: 合署办公; pinyin: héshǔ bàngōng). In the latter situation, two institutions or agencies retain their distinct structure and personnel, and only share office spaces and physical resources.
^"国务院部委管理的国家局" [State Bureaus administered by Ministries or Commissions]. China Internet Information Center (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2018-04-08. Retrieved 2022-12-28.
^ ab"〔独家约稿〕国务院机构改革方案通过！"对外保留牌子"的行政法内涵及机构设置法律实践" [[Exclusive Commission] The State Council's Institutional Reform Plan Approved! The Administrative Law Connotation of "Retaining Names Externally" and the Legal Practice of Institutional Establishment]. Phoenix TV (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
^Lulu, Jichang; Jirouš, Filip; Lee, Rachel (2021-01-25). "Xi's centralisation of external propaganda: SCIO and the Central Propaganda Department" (PDF). Sinopsis. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-11-20. Retrieved 2021-11-20.
^"China's ruling party takes direct control of country's universities". Radio Free Asia. January 18, 2024. Archived from the original on 2024-01-18. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
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