Global InformationOilfield scale inhibition information
Oilfield scale inhibition is the process of preventing the formation of scale from blocking or hindering fluid flow through pipelines, valves, and pumps used in oil production and processing. Scale inhibitors (SIs) are a class of specialty chemicals that are used to slow or prevent scaling in water systems.[1][2] Oilfield scaling is the precipitation and accumulation of insoluble crystals (salts) from a mixture of incompatible aqueous phases in oil processing systems.[2] Scale is a common term in the oil industry used to describe solid deposits that grow over time, blocking and hindering fluid flow through pipelines, valves, pumps etc. with significant reduction in production rates and equipment damages.[2][3] Scaling represents a major challenge for flow assurance in the oil and gas industry. Examples of oilfield scales are calcium carbonate (limescale), iron sulfides, barium sulfate and strontium sulfate. Scale inhibition encompasses the processes or techniques employed to treat scaling problems.[2]
- ^ Alzahrani, Salem; Mohammad, Abdul Wahab (2014-12-01). "Challenges and trends in membrane technology implementation for produced water treatment: A review". Journal of Water Process Engineering. 4: 107–133. doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2014.09.007.
- ^ a b c d Cite error: The named reference
:1was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Liang, Bin; Pan, Kai; Li, Li; Giannelis, Emmanuel P.; Cao, Bing (2014-08-15). "High performance hydrophilic pervaporation composite membranes for water desalination". Desalination. 347: 199–206. doi:10.1016/j.desal.2014.05.021.