For the concept in quantum mechanics, see Observable. For the concept in software, see Observability (software).
Observability is a measure of how well internal states of a system can be inferred from knowledge of its external outputs.
In control theory, the observability and controllability of a linear system are mathematical duals.
The concept of observability was introduced by the Hungarian-American engineer Rudolf E. Kálmán for linear dynamic systems.[1][2] A dynamical system designed to estimate the state of a system from measurements of the outputs is called a state observer for that system, such as Kalman filters.
^Kalman, R.E. (1960). "On the general theory of control systems". IFAC Proceedings Volumes. 1: 491–502. doi:10.1016/S1474-6670(17)70094-8.
^Kalman, R. E. (1963). "Mathematical Description of Linear Dynamical Systems". Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Series A: Control. 1 (2): 152–192. doi:10.1137/0301010.
In control theory, the observability and controllability of a linear system are mathematical duals. The concept of observability was introduced by the...
In physics, an observable is a physical property or physical quantity that can be measured. In classical mechanics, an observable is a real-valued "function"...
would be about 9.2 Gpc, or about 30 billion light-years. The limit of observability in the universe is set by cosmological horizons which limit—based on...
following section we are going to take a closer look at the Observability Gramian. The Observability Gramian can be found as the solution of the Lyapunov equation...
Datadog is an observability service for cloud-scale applications, providing monitoring of servers, databases, tools, and services, through a SaaS-based...
a developer-first observability platform. Dynatrace was named a Leader in the 2023 Gartner Magic Quadrant for APM and observability, and positioned furthest...
insights to cloud, security, observability, and network management tools. It is one of the main parts in the deep observability market. Formerly traded publicly...
partially observable system is one in which the entire state of the system is not fully visible to an external sensor. In a partially observable system the...
In quantum mechanics, a complete set of commuting observables (CSCO) is a set of commuting operators whose common eigenvectors can be used as a basis...
In mathematics, in the representation theory of algebraic groups, an observable subgroup is an algebraic subgroup of a linear algebraic group whose every...
important ones are: Exact observability (also known as continuous observability), Approximate observability, Final state observability. An important role is...
Page". Open Hub. Retrieved 2021-03-19. Anadiotis, George. "DevOps and observability in the 2020s". ZDNet. Retrieved 2020-02-04. Jones, Anna (2019-01-25)...
brightness of a particular location. It quantifies the astronomical observability of celestial objects and the interference caused by light pollution...
probabilities, full observability, maximization of a reward function, and a single agent. When full observability is replaced by partial observability, planning...
can only be inferred indirectly through a mathematical model from other observable variables that can be directly observed or measured. Such latent variable...
protection and security enforcement Netflix uses eBPF for fleet-wide network observability and performance diagnosis Dropbox uses eBPF through Katran for layer...
(subscription required) "New Relic reinvents its products to bring observability to the mainstream". diginomica. July 30, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020...
program which developed the F-117. Stealth technology (or LO for low observability) is not one technology. It is a set of technologies, used in combinations...
overfitting and asymptotic bias in batch reinforcement learning with partial observability. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research (JAIR). Vol. 65. pp. 1–30...
Kentik is an American network observability, network monitoring and anomaly detection company headquartered in San Francisco, California. Kentik was founded...
toward the reduction of risks to availability, latency, and efficiency. Observability—as in, the ability to ask arbitrary questions about a system without...
Venus is the second planet from the Sun. It is a terrestrial planet and is the closest in mass and size to its orbital neighbour Earth. Venus is notable...
In high energy physics, event shapes observables are quantities used to characterize the geometry of the outcome of a collision between high energy particles...
an optimal Kalman filter is not stable (i.e. reliable) if Kalman's observability and controllability conditions are not continuously satisfied. These...
Global Information