The removal of the veche bell from Novgorod (from the Illustrated Chronicle of Ivan the Terrible)
According to the traditional scholarship, the veche (Russian: вече, IPA:[ˈvʲetɕə]) was the highest legislative and judicial authority in Veliky Novgorod until 1478, when the Novgorod Republic was brought under the direct control of the Grand Duke of Moscow, Ivan III.
The origin of the veche is obscure; it is thought to have originated in tribal assemblies in the region, thus predating the Rus' state. After the Novgorod Revolution of 1136 that ousted the ruling prince, the veche became the supreme state authority, although princely power was relatively limited in Novgorod from the start since no hereditary dynasty had been established there.
The traditional scholarship lists among the powers of the veche the election of the town officials such as the posadnik, tysyatsky, and even the archbishop (he was then sent to the metropolitan for consecration); it also invited in and dismissed the princes. While it is certainly true that the local officials were elected and some princes elected and dismissed, the sources are rather vague on precisely who was behind some of this, saying merely "they called in..." or "they gave the posadnikship to..." and the like.
The traditional scholarship goes on to argue that a series of reforms in 1410 transformed the veche into something similar to the public assembly of Venice; it became the Commons or lower chamber of the parliament. An upper Senate-like Council of Lords (sovet gospod) was also created, with title membership for all former city magistrates (posadniks and tysyatskys). Some sources indicate that veche membership may have become full-time, and parliament deputies were now called vechniks.
The veche was abolished after the fall of Novgorod to the Muscovites in 1478; however, there is some evidence that certain elements of the Novgorodian veche democracy have been restored under Swedish occupation during the Ingrian war of 1610–1617: one Swedish source indicates that Jacob de la Gardie has been present at thing in Novgorod.[1]
^Gennady Kovalenko. Русские и шведы от Рюрика до Ленина. Контакты и конфликты. ISBN 978-5-91678-004-8, pg. 69
the veche (Russian: вече, IPA: [ˈvʲetɕə]) was the highest legislative and judicial authority in Veliky Novgorod until 1478, when the Novgorod Republic...
Novgorodians deposed their prince and the Novgorodveche began to elect and dismiss princes at its own will. The veche also elected the posadnik, who was the...
A veche was a type of popular assembly in the Middle Ages. In Novgorod and Pskov, where the veche acquired great prominence, the veche was broadly similar...
the Veche. Another important local official was the Archbishop of Novgorod who shared power with the boyars. Archbishops were elected by the Veche or by...
elected burgomaster. In 1136, the prince Vsevolod was expelled and the Novgorodveche began to appoint and expel princes at its own will. The posadnik was...
"Was the Prince of Novgorod a 'Third-rate bureaucrat' after 1136?" 94-97. Michael C. Paul, "The Iaroslavichi and the Novgorodian Veche 1230-1270: A Case...
when the Novgorodians repudiated the envoys (indeed, one was killed at the veche and several others of the pro-Moscow faction were killed with him) and swore...
scholarship, the executive organ of the Novgorodveche. In Pskov, it was known as the Lords (Russian: Господа). In Novgorod, the Council of Lords was said to...
state in northern Russia. Originally a principality and then a part of the Novgorod Republic, Pskov became an independent republic in 1348. Its territory was...
by veche—a meeting of the city population—and the prince was elected. (The only other Russian city with a similar organization was Pskov.) Novgorod linked...
Boyar wedding (1883) Martha the Mayoress at the Destruction of the NovgorodVeche (1889) To son (1894) Old bachelor (1900) Directory of the Imperial Academy...
people [chernye liudi], all five boroughs, and all Lord Novgorod the Great at the assembly [veche] in Iaroslav's Court. The charter exists in only one copy...
Duchy of Moscow. The Novgorod Land was annexed completely in 1478 and the veche bell was removed to Moscow. Having conquered Novgorod in 1478, Moscow inherited...
Марфа Посадница - Marfa Posadnitsa), was the wife of Isaac Boretsky, Novgorod's posadnik in 1438–1439 and again in 1453. According to legend and historical...
cited as Russia's oldest monastery. It stands in 5 kilometers south of Novgorod on the left bank of the Volkhov River near where it flows out of Lake Ilmen...
Gleb Svyatoslavich (c. 1052 – 30 May 1078) was Prince of Tmutarakan and Novgorod of Kievan Rus'. He ruled Tmutarakan under the overall authority of his...
("Ivan, son of Dmitry"). Following the defeat, the citizens of Novgorod convened a veche and, according to the sources, turned to Archbishop Evfimy II...
Kiev from 1019 until his death in 1054. He was also earlier Prince of Novgorod from 1010 to 1034 and Prince of Rostov from 987 to 1010, uniting the principalities...
the Kiev veche and how common people gathering influenced princely politics in Kievan Rus' (particularly in Kiev as well as in the Novgorod the Great)...
themselves as "Archbishop of Novgorod the Great and Pskov." In 1156, Bishop Arkadii (1156–1165) was elected by the veche (public assembly) because the...
veche – a meeting of the city population – and the prince was elected. (The only other Russian city with a similar organization was Pskov.) Novgorod was...
tysyacha). In the Novgorod Republic, the tysyatskii evolved into a judicial or commercial official and was elected from boyars at a veche for a period of...
Chernigov, while Iziaslav and Vsevolod went to Kiev. On September 15, a veche met in Kiev that encouraged Iziaslav to fight the invaders, but he refused...
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