The northernmost point of land on Earth is a contentious issue due to variation of definition. How permanent some of the contenders are makes hard determination difficult, but sets an important threshold. Problematic issues include ice sheets, water movements and inundation, storm activity that may build, shift, or destroy banks of moraine material, and observational difficulties due to remoteness.
The following table sets out the main contenders for this title.
Island name
Coordinates
Distance from the North Pole
Discovered by
Discovery year
Permanent
Notes
83-42[1]
83°42′05.2″N, 30°38′49.4″W
700.5 km
Dennis Schmitt
2003
unknown
35 m by 15 m and 4 m high
[no record, needs confirmation]
83°41'N, 31°6'W
702.4km
2008 Ultima Thule expedition
2008
unknown
needs verification
RTOW2001
83°41′06″N, 30°45′36″W
702.5 km
RTOWexpedition
2001
unknown
ATOW1996[2]
83°40′34.8″N, 30°38′38.6″W
703.2km
ATOWexpedition
1996
unknown
10 m long and 1 m high
Stray Dog West[3][4]
83°40'37”N, 31°12'W
703.3km
Dennis Schmitt
2007
unknown
needs confirmation
Qeqertaq Avannarleq[5][6]
83°40'17"N, 30°42'43"W
703.4 km[7]
Morten Rasch
2021
unknown
30 m by 60 m and 3-4 m high
Oodaaq
83°40′N, 30°40′W
704.2km
Uffe Petersen
1978
no
15 m by 8 m, appears to be submerged periodically
Kaffeklubben[8]
83°39′45″N, 29°50′W
704.7 km
Robert Peary
1900
yes
700 m by 300 m by 30 m high
Cape Morris Jesup
83°37′39″N, 32°39′52″W
708.6 km
Robert Peary
1900
yes
northernmost tip of Greenland
Currently, Kaffeklubben Island is the northernmost, undisputed candidate among the land areas considered permanent that remain above water.
^The World's Northernmost Point Is Called 83-42. Maybe. The Daily Traveller, February 16, 2012
^Jancik, John; Richardson, Javana; & Gardiner, Steve (2002). Under the Midnight Sun: The Ascent of John Denver Peak and the Search for the Northernmost Point of Land on Earth.
^Stray Dog West photograph Archived 2011-05-22 at the Wayback Machine taken on 2007-07-16.
^John H. Richardson, Journey to the End of the Earth Esquire Magazine 2007-09-18.
^"Scientists discover 'world's northernmost island' off Greenland's coast". The Guardian. Reuters. August 27, 2021. Archived from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
^"Arctic expedition discovers the most northerly island on Earth". University of Copenhagen. August 27, 2021. Archived from the original on August 28, 2021. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
^"Will the discovery of 'Qeqertaq Avannarleq' rekindle the game of one-upmanship among the Arctic countries?". www.timesnownews.com. Retrieved 2022-02-08.
^Funder, S.; Larsen, O. (Nov 15, 1982). "Implications of volcanic erratics in Quaternary deposits of North Greenland" (PDF). Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 31: 57–61. ISSN 0011-6297.
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