The northern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis), fulmar,[2] or Arctic fulmar[3] is a highly abundant seabird found primarily in subarctic regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans. There has been one confirmed sighting in the Southern Hemisphere, with a single bird seen south of New Zealand.[4] Fulmars come in one of two color morphs: a light one, with white head and body and gray wings and tail, and a dark one, which is uniformly gray. Though similar in appearance to gulls, fulmars are in fact members of the family Procellariidae, which include petrels and shearwaters.
The northern fulmar and its sister species, the southern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialoides), are the extant members of the genus Fulmarus. The fulmars are in turn a member of the order Procellariiformes, and they all share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper bill called naricorns; however, nostrils on albatrosses are on the sides of the bill, as opposed to the rest of the order, including fulmars, which have nostrils on top of the upper bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates. One of these plates makes up the hooked portion of the upper bill, called the maxillary unguis. They produce a stomach oil made up of wax esters and triglycerides that is stored in the proventriculus. This can be sprayed out of their mouths as a defense against predators from a very early age, and as an energy rich food source for chicks and for the adults during their long flights.[5] It will mat the plumage of avian predators, and can lead to their death.[6] Finally, they also have a salt gland that is situated above the nasal passage that helps desalinate their bodies, due to the high amount of ocean water that they imbibe. This gland excretes a high saline solution from their nose.[6]
The northern fulmar was first described as Fulmarus glacialis by Carl Linnaeus in 1761, based on a specimen from within the Arctic Circle, on Spitsbergen.[3] The Mallemuk Mountain in Northeastern Greenland is named after the northern fulmar (Danish: Mallemuk).
^BirdLife International (2018). "Fulmarus glacialis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22697866A132609419. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697866A132609419.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
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^"A new bird for New Zealand – northern fulmar". 14 March 2016.
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The northernfulmar (Fulmarus glacialis), fulmar, or Arctic fulmar is a highly abundant seabird found primarily in subarctic regions of the North Atlantic...
Northernfulmar on the nest in Orkney, Scotland Southern fulmar in Drake's Passage Northernfulmar, breeding on Bear Island (Norway) Northernfulmar in...
company Fairey Aviation. It was named after the northernfulmar, a seabird native to the British Isles. The Fulmar served with the Royal Navy's Fleet Air Arm...
southern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialoides) is a seabird of the Southern Hemisphere. Along with the northernfulmar, F. glacialis, it belongs to the fulmar genus...
are predominantly found in the Southern Ocean with one species, the northernfulmar, ranging in the North Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Fossils of fulmarine...
united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. Northernfulmar, Fulmarus glacialis (A) Black-capped petrel, Pterodroma hasitata (A)...
containing the petrels, shearwaters and fulmars. The family Hydrobatidae was further divided into two subfamilies, the northern storm petrels in Hydrobatinae and...
known in English as the wandering albatross, southern giant petrel, northernfulmar, and European storm petrel. The actual Russian species name for the...
for its black guillemot and northernfulmar populations. Cape Vera, another IBA site, is also noted for its northernfulmar population. Devon Island is...
20 million individuals during late summer. The most common are: little auk, northernfulmar, thick-billed murre, and black-legged kittiwake. Sixteen species are...
which is a corrupted form of malle-mugge, an old Dutch name for the northernfulmar. The name Diomedea, assigned to the albatrosses by Linnaeus, references...
colonies along almost all the coastal cliffs. The most common are northernfulmar; common, brunnich's and pigeon guillemots; horned and tufted puffins;...
functional primary. Eleven species have been recorded in Massachusetts. Northernfulmar, Fulmarus glacialis Trindade petrel, Pterodroma arminjoniana (R) Bermuda...
1983). "Mechanism and Ecological Significance of Sperm Storage in the NorthernFulmar with Reference to Its Occurrence in Other Birds". The Auk. 100 (3)...
united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. Northernfulmar, Fulmarus glacialis Bermuda petrel, Pterodroma cahow (R?) Fea's petrel...
united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. Northernfulmar, Fulmarus glacialis Gray-faced petrel, Pterodroma gouldi (*) Providence...
There are about 40 common breeding birds, including the seabirds northernfulmar (600,000 pairs), Atlantic puffin (550,000 pairs), European storm petrel...
united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. Northernfulmar, Fulmarus glacialis Providence petrel, Pterodroma solandri (A) Murphy's...
functional primary. Seven species have been recorded in Rhode Island. Northernfulmar, Fulmarus glacialis Black-capped petrel, Pterodroma hasitata (V)(R)...
populations. This can have other impacts; for example, the spread of the northernfulmar through the United Kingdom is attributed in part to the availability...
outer functional primary. Nine species have been recorded in Maine. Northernfulmar, Fulmarus glacialis Cape petrel, Daption capense (H) Trindade petrel...
case in Scotland of a golden eagle dying after being "oiled" by a northernfulmar, a bird whose primary defense against predators is to disgorge an oily...
functional primary. Six species have been recorded in New Hampshire. Northernfulmar, Fulmarus glacialis Black-capped petrel, Pterodroma hasitata (R) Cory's...
united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary. Northernfulmar, Fulmarus glacialis LC Trindade petrel, Pterodroma arminjoniana (VU)...
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