"Birds of Canada" redirects here. For the banknote series, see Birds of Canada (banknotes).
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The Canada jay has been proposed as the national bird of Canada.[1]
This is a list of bird species confirmed in Canada. Unless otherwise noted, the list is that of Bird Checklists of the World as of July 2022.[2] Of the 703 species listed here, 235 are accidental. Twelve species were introduced to North America or directly to Canada, three species are extinct, and three (possibly four) have been extirpated. One species of uncertain origin is also included.
This list is presented in the taxonomic sequence of the Check-list of North and Middle American Birds, 7th edition through the 63rd Supplement, published by the American Ornithological Society (AOS).[3] Common and scientific names are also those of the Check-list, except that the common names of families are from the Clements taxonomy because the AOS list does not include them.
Canadian birds most closely resemble those of Eurasia, which was connected to the continent as part of the supercontinent Laurasia until around 60 million years ago.[4] Many families which occur in Canada are also found throughout the Northern Hemisphere or worldwide. However, some families are unique to the New World; those represented in this list are the hummingbirds, the New World vultures, the New World quail, the tyrant flycatchers, the mimids, the wood-warblers, the cardinals, and the icterids.[5] Three species on the list (Ross's goose, whooping crane, and Harris's sparrow) breed only in Canada.[3] The extinct Labrador duck is also believed to have been a breeding endemic, though its breeding areas are not known.[6]
Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in Canada as permanent residents, summer or winter visitors, or migrants. These tags are used to annotate some species:
(A) Accidental - a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Canada
(I) Introduced - a species introduced to Canada as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
(E) Extinct - a recent species which no longer exists
(Ex) Extirpated - a species which no longer occurs in Canada but exists elsewhere
Population status symbols are those of the Red List published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).[7] The symbols apply to the species' worldwide status, not their status solely in Canada. The symbols and their meanings, in increasing order of peril, are:
Conservation status codes
LC = least concern
NT = near threatened
VU = vulnerable
EN = endangered
CR = critically endangered
EW = extinct in the wild
EX = extinct
^"The National Bird Project". The Royal Canadian Geographical Society and Canadian Geographic. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
^Lepage, Denis (March 13, 2021). "Checklist of Birds of Canada". Avibase bird checklists of the world. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
^ abChesser, R. T., S. M. Billerman, K. J. Burns, C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, B. E. Hernández-Baños, R. A. Jiménez, A. W. Kratter, N. A. Mason, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., D. F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2022. Check-list of North American Birds (online). American Ornithological Society. (July 29, 2022). "Check-list of North and Middle American Birds". American Ornithological Society. Retrieved July 7, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^"Historical perspective". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved April 21, 2008.
^Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2016. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2016. Downloaded from http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved 11 August 2016.
^Chilton, G. (2020). Labrador Duck (Camptorhynchus labradorius), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole and F. B. Gill, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.labduc.01. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
^IUCN 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-2. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on July 29, 2019.
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