54°8′24″N13°38′23″E / 54.14000°N 13.63972°E / 54.14000; 13.63972 (Landing in Lubmin)
General direction
east–west–south
From
Ust-Luga, Russia
Passes through
Gulf of Finland and Baltic Sea
To
Lubmin near Greifswald, Germany
General information
Type
Natural gas
Status
Inoperable (Pipe A)
Inactive (Pipe B)
Partners
Gazprom
Uniper
Wintershall Dea
OMV
Engie
Shell
Operator
Nord Stream 2 AG
Manufacturer of pipes
EUROPIPE
OMK
Chelyabinsk Pipe-Rolling Plant (Chelpipe)
Installer of pipes
Allseas (until 21 December 2019)
Pipe layer
Pioneering Spirit
Solitaire
C10
Akademik Cherskiy
Fortuna
Expected
unknown[1]
Technical information
Length
1,234 km (767 mi)
Maximum discharge
55 billion m3/a (1.9 trillion cu ft/a)
Diameter
1,220 mm (48 in)
No. of compressor stations
1
Compressor stations
Slavyanskaya
Website
www.nord-stream2.com
Nord Stream 2 (German–English mixed expression for "North Stream 2"; Russian: Северный поток — 2) is a 1,234-kilometre-long (767 mi) natural gas pipeline from Russia to Germany running through the Baltic Sea,[2] financed by Gazprom and several European energy companies. Feasibility studies began in 2011 to expand the Nord Stream 1 line and double annual capacity to 110 billion cubic metres (3.9 trillion cubic feet), with construction beginning in 2018.[3] It was completed in September 2021, but has not yet entered service. Planning and construction of the pipeline were mired in political controversy over fears that Russia would use it, 1 of 23 pipelines between Europe and Russia,[2] for geopolitical advantage with Europe and Ukraine.[4]
German Chancellor Olaf Scholz suspended its certification on 22 February 2022,[5] following official recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic by the Russian State Duma and President Putin during the prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
On 26 September 2022, Danish and Swedish authorities reported a number of explosions at pipes A and B of the Nord Stream 1 pipeline and pipe A of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline, with the resulting damage causing significant gas leaks. The European Union considers the incident to be sabotage of key European energy infrastructure.[6] The Nord Stream explosions also resulted in the worst release of methane gas in human history, with estimates ranging from 100,000 to 400,000 tonnes (220 to 880 million pounds) of methane released into the atmosphere.[7] In October 2022, Russia confirmed that Pipe B of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline escaped destruction, and offered to resume gas supply to Europe (which was promptly declined by Berlin).[8][9][10]
Gas deliveries ceased in September 2022 following the destruction of three of the pipe lines and sanctions linked to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[11] As of February 2023, there is no conclusive evidence of who carried out the sabotage despite three separate investigations by Denmark, Germany, and Sweden.[12]
^"Ukraine crisis: Germany halts Nord Stream 2 approval". Deutsche Welle. 22 February 2022.
^ ab"Gas Infrastructure Europe – System Development Map 2022/2021" (PDF). European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSOG). December 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 September 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
^Janjevic, Darko (14 July 2018). "Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline – What is the controversy about?". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
^"Nord Stream 2 – What is the controversy about?". Deutsche Welle. 14 July 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
^"Scholz zu Russland-Sanktionen: Deutschland stoppt Nord Stream 2". ZDFheute (in German). Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen. 22 February 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
^"Nord Stream leaks: Sabotage to blame, says EU". BBC News. 28 September 2022. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
^Benshoff, Laura. "The Nord Stream pipelines have stopped leaking. But the methane emitted broke records". NPR.
^"Putin offers to boost gas supplies to Europe via Nord Stream 2". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
^Hemicker, Lorenz; Käppel, Janina (5 October 2022). "Russland bestätigt Einsatzbereitschaft von Nord Stream 2" [Russia confirms Nord Stream 2 is operable]. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Ende September kam es zu Explosionen unter Wasser an der Ostseepipeline. Dabei wurden beide Stränge der Pipeline Nord Stream 1 und ein Strang von Nord Stream 2 leck geschlagen.
^"Gazprom: Nord Stream leaks stop, gas supply could resume on single line". Reuters. 3 October 2022. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
^"Shutting Down Nord Stream Marks the Point of No Return for Russian Gas". Retrieved 31 January 2023.
^Bennetts, Marc (2 February 2023). "Who attacked the Nord Stream pipelines?". The Times. London. Retrieved 2 February 2023.
NordStream2 (German–English mixed expression for "North Stream2"; Russian: Северный поток — 2) is a 1,234-kilometre-long (767 mi) natural gas pipeline...
Europe with natural gas. It comprises two separate projects, NordStream 1 and NordStream2. Both pipelines each comprise two pipes, NS1 A and B as well...
underwater explosions and consequent gas leaks occurred on the NordStream 1 (NS1) and NordStream2 (NS2) natural gas pipelines, two of 23 gas pipelines between...
NordStream (German–English mixed expression for "North Stream 1"; Russian: Северный поток, romanized: Severny potok) is a pair of offshore natural gas...
NordStream2 is a 1,234-kilometre-long (767 mi) natural gas pipeline that runs from Russia to Germany through the exclusive economic zones of Finland...
involved in the NordStream2 project. On 24 February 2022, upon the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the U.S. expanded penalties on NordStream2 AG, a subsidiary...
Germany as recently as May 2020. Uniper was one of the financiers of the NordStream2 project, which the German government suspended after the 2022 Russian...
defence budget, weapons shipments to Ukraine, and the cancellation of the NordStream2 pipeline. Three days after the invasion, Scholz set out the principles...
sponsors Gazprom and had to remodel the interior with a new sponsorship, NordStream2. The ride's tagline is "Discover Pure Energy". Blue Fire is a combination...
decisive action against NordStream2. During the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis, Biden imposed sanctions on NordStream2 in retaliation against Russian...
On 2 May 2019, Zelenskyy wrote on Facebook that "the border is the only thing Russia and Ukraine have in common." Zelenskyy opposes the NordStream2 natural...
criticism focused on Scholz's refusal to specify whether certification of NordStream2, a gas pipeline financed by the Russian energy corporation Gazprom,...
yet unexplained explosions on 26 September 2022 rendered the NordStream 1 and NordStream2 pipelines from Russia to Germany inoperable. The project started...
waive sanctions against NordStream AG and its chief executive Matthias Warnig, subsequent to the completion of the NordStream2 natural gas pipeline,...
"How America Took Out The NordStream Pipeline", Hersh alleged that the September 26, 2022, sabotage of the NordStream 1 and 2 pipelines, which had carried...
criticizing the Joe Biden administration's policy of sanctions against the NordStream2 pipeline. Once the invasion began, Ukrainian propaganda quickly took...
supplies via NordStream2, thereby undermining its energy security. In light of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine the NordStream2 project was first...
regarding the 2022 NordStream pipeline sabotage, "I am, and I think the administration is, very gratified to know that NordStream2 is now . . . a hunk...
and Wintershall – signed financing agreements with NordStream2 AG to build the 1,200 km NordStream2 gas pipeline from Russia to Germany. In September...
Arias Cañete, EU energy commissioner, Weber criticized the proposed NordStream2 pipeline project, in that it would undermine the EU's foreign and security...
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