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Noise measurement information


In acoustics, noise measurement can be for the purpose of measuring environmental noise[1] or measuring noise in the workplace. Applications include monitoring of construction sites, aircraft noise, road traffic noise, entertainment venues and neighborhood noise. One of the definitions of noise covers all "unwanted sounds".[2] When sound levels reach a high enough intensity, the sound, whether it is wanted or unwanted, may be damaging to hearing.[3] Environmental noise monitoring is the measurement of noise in an outdoor environment caused by transport (e.g. motor vehicles, aircraft, and trains), industry (e.g. machines) and recreational activities (e.g. music). The laws and limits governing environmental noise monitoring differ from country to country.

At the very least, noise may be annoying or displeasing or may disrupt the activity or balance of human or animal life, increasing levels of aggression, hypertension and stress. In the extreme, excessive levels or periods of noise can have long-term negative health effects such as hearing loss,[4] tinnitus,[5] sleep disturbances,[6] a rise in blood pressure,[7] an increase in stress[8] and vasoconstriction,[9] and an increased incidence of coronary artery disease.[10][11] In animals, noise can increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and avoidance, interfering with reproduction and navigation,[12] and contributing to permanent tinnitus and hearing loss.[13][14]

Various interventions are available to combat environmental noise. Roadway noise can be reduced by the use of noise barriers,[15] limitation of vehicle speeds,[16] alteration of roadway surface texture, limitation of heavy vehicles, use of traffic controls that smooth vehicle flow to reduce braking and acceleration, and tire design.[17] Aircraft noise can be reduced by using quieter jet engines,[18][19][20] altering flight paths and considering the time of day to benefit residents near airports.[21] Industrial noise is addressed by redesign of industrial equipment, shock mounted assemblies and physical barriers in the workplace.[22]

Noise may be measured using a sound level meter at the source of the noise.[23][24][25] Alternatively, an organization or company may measure a person's exposure to environmental noise in a workplace via a noise dosimeter.[26] The measurements taken using either of these methods will be evaluated according to the standards below.

  1. ^ Audio, NTi. "Unattended Noise Monitoring" (PDF). www.nti-audio.com.
  2. ^ Goines, Lisa; Hagler, Louis (March 2007). "Noise Pollution: A Modern Plague". Southern Medical Journal. 100 (3): 287–294. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.504.8717. doi:10.1097/smj.0b013e3180318be5. ISSN 0038-4348. PMID 17396733. S2CID 23675085.
  3. ^ "CAOHC Noise Measurement Course". www.caohc.org. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  4. ^ "Safety and Health Topics | Occupational Noise Exposure | Occupational Safety and Health Administration". www.osha.gov. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  5. ^ "Causes". www.ata.org. 2015-03-02. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
  6. ^ Halperin, Demian (2014-12-01). "Environmental noise and sleep disturbances: A threat to health?". Sleep Science. 7 (4): 209–212. doi:10.1016/j.slsci.2014.11.003. ISSN 1984-0063. PMC 4608916. PMID 26483931. S2CID 16121980.
  7. ^ Chang, Ta-Yuan; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Liu, Chiu-Shong; Chen, Ren-Yin; Wang, Ven-Shing; Bao, Bo-Ying; Lai, Jim-Shoung (2013-04-15). "Occupational Noise Exposure and Incident Hypertension in Men: A Prospective Cohort Study". American Journal of Epidemiology. 177 (8): 818–825. doi:10.1093/aje/kws300. ISSN 0002-9262. PMID 23470795.
  8. ^ "Open Office Noise Increases Stress". WebMD. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  9. ^ "Open Office Noise Increases Stress". WebMD. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  10. ^ Hansell, Anna L.; Blangiardo, Marta; Fortunato, Lea; Floud, Sarah; Hoogh, Kees de; Fecht, Daniela; Ghosh, Rebecca E.; Laszlo, Helga E.; Pearson, Clare; Beale, Linda; Beevers, Sean (2013-10-08). "Aircraft noise and cardiovascular disease near Heathrow airport in London: small area study". BMJ. 347: f5432. doi:10.1136/bmj.f5432. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 24103537. S2CID 2991257.
  11. ^ Hammer Monica S.; Swinburn Tracy K.; Neitzel Richard L. (2014-02-01). "Environmental Noise Pollution in the United States: Developing an Effective Public Health Response". Environmental Health Perspectives. 122 (2): 115–119. doi:10.1289/ehp.1307272. PMC 3915267. PMID 24311120.
  12. ^ "Review of noise impacts on marine mammals yields new policy recommendations". phys.org. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  13. ^ Salvi, Richard; Boettcher, Flint A. (2008), Conn, P. Michael (ed.), "Animal Models of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss", Sourcebook of Models for Biomedical Research, Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, pp. 289–301, doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-285-4_32, ISBN 978-1-59745-285-4, retrieved 2020-10-10
  14. ^ Diaz, Rodney C. (2014). "Noise-induced hearing loss: perspectives". Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery. 22 (5): 373. doi:10.1097/MOO.0000000000000084. ISSN 1531-6998. PMID 25101939.
  15. ^ Barrier, Hatko (2020-04-20). "How much does noise barrier cost?". Hatko Sound Barrier. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  16. ^ "NPC Resources: Noise Increases with Vehicle Speed". nonoise.org. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  17. ^ atlanticei (2019-03-20). "Reducing Excessive Noise Using Engineering Methods | Atlantic Environmental". Atlantic Environmental Incorporated. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  18. ^ "Leading the way in aircraft noise reduction | Engineering | University of Southampton". www.southampton.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  19. ^ Potter, Sean (2018-06-25). "NASA Technologies Significantly Reduce Aircraft Noise". NASA. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  20. ^ "Reducing Aviation Noise, Advancing the Aviation Enterprise | Volpe National Transportation Systems Center". www.volpe.dot.gov. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  21. ^ "How to Control Aircraft Noise? | Noise Pollution". Essays, Research Papers and Articles on Environmental Pollution. 2018-03-12. Retrieved 2020-11-21.
  22. ^ "Controls for Noise Exposure | NIOSH | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2020-06-22. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  23. ^ "How is Sound Measured?". It's a Noisy Planet. Protect Their Hearing. 28 January 2019. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  24. ^ Woodford, Chris (2009-01-28). "How decibel sound level meters work". Explain that Stuff. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  25. ^ "Sound-level meter | instrument". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-11-22.
  26. ^ Selwyn, Bob (September 1, 2010). "The Use of Noise Dosimeters in the Workplace -". Occupational Health & Safety. Retrieved 2020-11-22.

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Noise measurement

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Active noise control (ANC), also known as noise cancellation (NC), or active noise reduction (ANR), is a method for reducing unwanted sound by the addition...

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468 noise weighting Audio system measurements Sound pressure Clap-o-meter General: Noise measurement Noise regulation Health effects from noise "What...

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filters are widely used in the measurement of electrical noise on telephone circuits, and in the assessment of noise as perceived through the acoustic...

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the source of the noise; e.g., low frequency flicker noise decreasing at 30 dB per decade (= 9 dB per octave). Phase noise measurement systems are alternatives...

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Ambient noise level

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aircraft noise is studied by measuring ambient sound without presence of any overflights, and then studying the noise addition by measurement or computer...

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Quantum noise

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In contrast to shot noise,[clarification needed] the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle sets a lower limit to a measurement. The uncertainty principle...

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23:00 and 07:00, so as not to interfere with residents sleep. Some noise measurement standards which takes into account different times of the day are...

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input of the EUT, in order to get repeatable measurements of the EUT noise present at the LISN measurement port. This is important because the impedance...

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schools. These standards usually specify measurement using a weighting filter, most often A-weighting. In 1972, the Noise Control Act was passed to promote a...

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sound pressure levels (SPL) and, by integrating these measurements over time, provide a cumulative noise-exposure reading for a given period of time, such...

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Noise barrier

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A noise barrier (also called a soundwall, noise wall, sound berm, sound barrier, or acoustical barrier) is an exterior structure designed to protect inhabitants...

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Environmental noise

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objective and accurate measurement of noise. Noise is measured in decibels (dB) using a pattern-approved sound level meter. The measurements are typically taken...

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Weighting

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Audio quality measurement G-weighting M-weighting Z-weighting ITU-R 468 noise weighting Psophometric weighting Weight function Noise measurement briefing Archived...

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Linz Airport

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contact point for all neighboring communities. At the end of 2003 three new noise monitoring stations have been set up in the region of Linz airport, which...

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Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal. Noise reduction techniques exist for audio and images. Noise reduction algorithms may distort...

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Noise figure

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temperature of the load (for example a resistor), and B is the measurement bandwidth. This makes the noise figure a useful figure of merit for terrestrial systems...

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Sound intensity

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intensity, is the watt per square meter (W/m2). One application is the noise measurement of sound intensity in the air at a listener's location as a sound...

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increasing the distance between source and receiver, decoupling, using noise barriers to reflect or absorb the energy of the sound waves, using damping...

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