Paleosiberians, Ainu, Okhotsk, Mishihase, Mosan, Kamchadals, and Ulchi
The Nivkh, or Gilyak (also Nivkhs or Nivkhi, or Gilyaks; ethnonym: Нивхгу, Nʼivxgu (Amur) or Ниғвңгун, Nʼiɣvŋgun (E. Sakhalin) "the people"),[3] are an Indigenous ethnic group inhabiting the northern half of Sakhalin Island and the lower Amur River and coast on the adjacent Russian mainland. Historically, they may have inhabited parts of Manchuria.
Settlements with Nivkh populations according to the Russian Census of 2002 (excluding Khabarovsk, Poronaysk and Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk).Settlement of Nivkhs in the Far Eastern Federal District by urban and rural settlements in%, 2010 census
Nivkh were traditionally fishermen, hunters, and dog breeders. They were semi-nomadic, living near the coasts in the summer and wintering inland along streams and rivers to catch salmon. The land the Nivkh inhabit is characterized as taiga forest with cold snow-laden winters and mild summers with sparse tree cover.[4] The Nivkh are believed to be the original inhabitants of the region, and to derive from a proposed Neolithic people that migrated from the Transbaikal region during the Late Pleistocene.[5]
The Nivkh had long maintained trade and cultural relations with neighboring China and Japan. Previously within Qing China's sphere of influence, the Russian Empire annexed the region following two treaties in 1858 and 1860. Subsequently, traditional Nivkh lifestyle was significantly altered by colonization and collectivization.[6][7] Today, the Nivkh live in Russian-style housing and with the overfishing and pollution of the streams and seas, they have adopted many foods from Russian cuisine. The Nivkh practice shamanism, which is important for the winter Bear Festival, though some have converted to Russian Orthodoxy.[8]
The population of Nivkhs has decreased with each of the last two censuses: 3,842 (2021 Census);[9]4,652 (2010 Russian census);[10]5,287 (2002 Census);[11] . Most speak Russian today, while less than 5 percent speak their native Nivkh language. Nivkh is considered a language isolate or small family, although it is grouped for convenience with the Paleosiberian languages. Nivkh is divided into four dialects or languages.[12]
^Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity Archived 2013-12-04 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
^"Ukrcensus.gov.ua".[permanent dead link]
^Gruzdeva 1998, p.5
^Cite error: The named reference GallTL was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Fitzhugh, William, and Durbreui pp.39, 40
^Bassett, p.1
^Jesup Exhibition: " Culture: Nivkh (Gilyak)" Archived 2008-02-12 at the Wayback Machine - American Museum of Natural History
^Chaussonnet, pp. 34, 35
^Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
^Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
^Federal State Statistics Service (21 May 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
The Nivkh, or Gilyak (also Nivkhs or Nivkhi, or Gilyaks; ethnonym: Нивхгу, Nʼivxgu (Amur) or Ниғвңгун, Nʼiɣvŋgun (E. Sakhalin) "the people"), are an Indigenous...
isolate, of two or three mutually unintelligible languages spoken by the Nivkhpeople in Russian Manchuria, in the basin of the Amgun (a tributary of the Amur)...
Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Nivkh or Amuric or Gilyak may refer to: Nivkhpeople (Nivkhs) or Gilyak people (Gilyaks) Nivkh language or Gilyak language...
people known as the Guwei (骨嵬; Gǔwéi, the phonetic approximation of the Nivkh name for Ainu) from Sakhalin invaded and fought with the Jilimi (Nivkh people)...
Eurasian ethnic religions such as among the Sami, Nivkh, Ainu, Basques[citation needed], Germanic peoples, Slavs and Finns. There are also a number of deities...
classified many Nivkhpeople and Orok people from southern Sakhalin, who had been Japanese imperial subjects in Karafuto Prefecture, as Japanese people and repatriated...
in the 17th–18th centuries. Nivkhpeople are an ethnic group indigenous to Sakhalin, having a few speakers of the Nivkh language, but their fisher culture...
211 Koreans in Japan who are not Japanese citizens. A small number of Nivkhpeople resettled in Hokkaido when Japan evacuated southern Sakhalin at the end...
romanized: Nakamura Chiyo; 1906–1969) was a Japanese Nivkh shaman, craftswoman, performer, and writer of Nivkh folklore and songs. In September 1905, the year...
tail is held straight or slightly bent to the side. Historically, the Nivkhpeople would dock the last 1/3 of the tail at birth to prevent dogs from grabbing...
Nivkh alphabets are the alphabets used to write the Nivkh language. During its existence, it functioned on different graphic bases and was reformed several...
The Nanai people (Russian: нанайцы, romanized: nanaitsy) are a Tungusic people of East Asia who have traditionally lived along Heilongjiang (Amur), Songhuajiang...
worship). Their religion bears similarities to the religion of the Nivkhpeople and Ainu people. Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity (in Russian) http://www...
including the Ainu, Ryukyuans, Nivkh, as well as Chinese, Koreans, and Austronesians (Taiwanese indigenous peoples and Micronesians) who were incorporated...
social norms (from Latin mos and mōrēs) Mos, a traditional dish of the Nivkhpeople Mos language, an aboriginal Mon–Khmer language of Malaya and Thailand...
the majority of whom are Russians. The indigenous peoples of the island are the Ainu, Oroks, and Nivkhs, who are now present in very small numbers. The...
Nanais, Yukaghirs, Evens, Itelmens, Ulchis, Koryaks, Nivkhs, and Chukchis, are among the people sharing the highest genetic affinities with the Late Bronze...
period. They are generally believed to be ethnic Nivkhpeople and have influenced several later peoples in the region such as the Wuji, Yilou and Mohe,...
Itelmen is now spoken by fewer than 10 people, mostly elderly, on the west coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula. 2. Nivkh is spoken in the lower Amur basin and...
(негидальцы): Khabarovsk Krai Nivkhpeople (нивхи): Khabarovsk Krai, Sakhalin Oblast Oroch people (орочи): Khabarovsk Krai Orok people (Ulta, Uilta) (ороки, ульта):...
Asia include the Ainu, Bai, Hui, Manchus, Mongols and other Mongolic peoples, Nivkh, Qiang, Ryukyuans, Tibetans, and Yakuts. The major East Asian language...
Black people in Japan (黒人系日本人, Kokujinkei nihonjin /Nipponjin) are Japanese residents or citizens of sub-Saharan African ancestry. In the mid-16th century...
finally capitulated to the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China in 1308. The Nivkhpeople are believed to be the descendants of an indigenous population that have...
cited in the Genbunrui, there is a description of the Ainu attacking the Nivkhpeople around the 13th century and later fighting the Mongol Empire. Some believe...
during this time. Cultural and some linguistic similarity exist between the Nivkh and the Koryak.[page needed] The Koryak once occupied a much larger area...
Ainu people and consequently Ainu languages have been classified critically endangered by UNESCO. In addition, languages such as Orok, Evenki and Nivkh spoken...
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