Nitrosopumilus maritimus, partially with virions of Nitrosopumilus spindle-shaped virus 1 (Thaspiviridae) attached.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Archaea
Superphylum:
"Proteoarchaeota"
Phylum:
Nitrososphaerota
Brochier-Armanet et al. 2021[1]
Class:
Nitrososphaeria
Order
Conexivisphaerales
"Geothermarchaeales"
Nitrososphaerales
Synonyms
"Nitrososphaerota" Whitman et al. 2018
"Nitrososphaeraeota" Oren et al. 2015
"Thaumarchaeota" Brochier-Armanet et al. 2008[2]
The Nitrososphaerota (syn. Thaumarchaeota) are a phylum of the Archaea proposed in 2008 after the genome of Cenarchaeum symbiosum was sequenced and found to differ significantly from other members of the hyperthermophilic phylum Thermoproteota (formerly Crenarchaeota).[3][2][4] Three described species in addition to C. symbiosum are Nitrosopumilus maritimus, Nitrososphaera viennensis, and Nitrososphaera gargensis.[2] The phylum was proposed in 2008 based on phylogenetic data, such as the sequences of these organisms' ribosomal RNA genes, and the presence of a form of type I topoisomerase that was previously thought to be unique to the eukaryotes.[2][5] This assignment was confirmed by further analysis published in 2010 that examined the genomes of the ammonia-oxidizing archaea Nitrosopumilus maritimus and Nitrososphaera gargensis, concluding that these species form a distinct lineage that includes Cenarchaeum symbiosum.[6] The lipid crenarchaeol has been found only in Nitrososphaerota, making it a potential biomarker for the phylum.[7][8] Most organisms of this lineage thus far identified are chemolithoautotrophic ammonia-oxidizers and may play important roles in biogeochemical cycles, such as the nitrogen cycle and the carbon cycle. Metagenomic sequencing indicates that they constitute ~1% of the sea surface metagenome across many sites.[9]
Nitrososphaerota-derived membrane-spanning tetraether lipids (glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers; GDGTs) from marine sediments can be used to reconstruct past temperatures via the TEX86 paleotemperature proxy, as these lipids vary in structure according to temperature.[10] Because most Nitrososphaerota seem to be autotrophs that fix CO2, their GDGTs can act as a record for past Carbon-13 ratios in the dissolved inorganic carbon pool, and thus have the potential to be used for reconstructions of the carbon cycle in the past.[7]
^Oren A, Garrity GM (2021). "Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 71 (10): 5056. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005056. PMID 34694987.
^ abcdBrochier-Armanet C, Boussau B, Gribaldo S, Forterre P (March 2008). "Mesophilic Crenarchaeota: Proposal for a third archaeal phylum, the Thaumarchaeota". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 6 (3): 245–52. doi:10.1038/nrmicro1852. PMID 18274537. S2CID 8030169.
^Tourna M, Stieglmeier M, Spang A, Könneke M, Schintlmeister A, Urich T, Engel M, Schloter M, Wagner M, Richter A, Schleper C (May 2011). "Nitrososphaera viennensis, an ammonia oxidizing archaeon from soil". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (20): 8420–5. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.8420T. doi:10.1073/pnas.1013488108. PMC 3100973. PMID 21525411.
^DeLong EF (1992-06-15). "Archaea in coastal marine environments". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 89 (12): 5685–5689. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.5685D. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5685. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 49357. PMID 1608980.
^Brochier-Armanet C, Gribaldo S, Forterre P (December 2008). "A DNA topoisomerase IB in Thaumarchaeota testifies for the presence of this enzyme in the last common ancestor of Archaea and Eucarya". Biology Direct. 3: 54. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-3-54. PMC 2621148. PMID 19105819.
^Spang A, Hatzenpichler R, Brochier-Armanet C, Rattei T, Tischler P, Spieck E, Streit W, Stahl DA, Wagner M, Schleper C (August 2010). "Distinct gene set in two different lineages of ammonia-oxidizing archaea supports the phylum Thaumarchaeota". Trends in Microbiology. 18 (8): 331–40. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2010.06.003. PMID 20598889.
^ abPearson A, Hurley SJ, Walter SR, Kusch S, Lichtin S, Zhang YG (2016). "Stable carbon isotope ratios of intact GDGTs indicate heterogeneous sources to marine sediments". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 181: 18–35. Bibcode:2016GeCoA.181...18P. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.02.034.
^Pester M, Schleper C, Wagner M (June 2011). "The Thaumarchaeota: an emerging view of their phylogeny and ecophysiology". Current Opinion in Microbiology. 14 (3): 300–6. doi:10.1016/j.mib.2011.04.007. PMC 3126993. PMID 21546306.
^Walker CB, de la Torre JR, Klotz MG, Urakawa H, Pinel N, Arp DJ, Brochier-Armanet C, Chain PS, Chan PP, Gollabgir A, Hemp J, Hügler M, Karr EA, Könneke M, Shin M, Lawton TJ, Lowe T, Martens-Habbena W, Sayavedra-Soto LA, Lang D, Sievert SM, Rosenzweig AC, Manning G, Stahl DA (May 2010). "Nitrosopumilus maritimus genome reveals unique mechanisms for nitrification and autotrophy in globally distributed marine crenarchaea". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (19): 8818–23. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.8818W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0913533107. PMC 2889351. PMID 20421470.
^Schouten S, Hopmans EC, Schefuß E, Damste JS (2002). "Distributional variations in marine crenarchaeotal membrane lipids: a new tool for reconstructing ancient sea water temperatures?". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 204 (1–2): 265–274. Bibcode:2002E&PSL.204..265S. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(02)00979-2. S2CID 54198843.
The Nitrososphaerota (syn. Thaumarchaeota) are a phylum of the Archaea proposed in 2008 after the genome of Cenarchaeum symbiosum was sequenced and found...
is a group of archaea, its name an acronym for Thaumarchaeota (now Nitrososphaerota), Aigarchaeota, Crenarchaeota (now Thermoproteota), and Korarchaeota...
mesophilic marine Nitrososphaerota (formerly "Thaumarchaeota", "Marine Group 1 Crenarchaeota"). The membrane lipids of Nitrososphaerota are composed of...
on GC/MS, see below). Nitrososphaerota also makes GDGT-4. Crenarchaeol is mainly attributed to ammonium-oxidizing Nitrososphaerota and has four cyclopentane...
and lives inside another archaea. Psychrophiles – (sigh-crow-files) Nitrososphaerota – a phylum of the Archaea proposed in 2008 after the genome of Cenarchaeum...
known. A superphylum – TACK – which includes the Thaumarchaeota (now Nitrososphaerota), "Aigarchaeota", Crenarchaeota (now Thermoproteota), and "Korarchaeota"...
originated in the Nitrososphaerota (formerly Thaumarchaeota). A superphylum — TACK — has been proposed that includes the Nitrososphaerota, Thermoproteota...
have been validly published according to the Bacteriological Code Nitrososphaerota Thermoproteota, second most common archaeal phylum Other phyla that...
AOA dominate in both soils and marine environments, suggesting that Nitrososphaerota (formerly Thaumarchaeota) may be greater contributors to ammonia oxidation...
Group 1a Nitrososphaerota (formerly Thaumarchaeota) to be isolated in pure culture. Gene sequences suggest that the Group 1a Nitrososphaerota are ubiquitous...
interdependence of the heterotrophic bacteria and Nitrososphaerota is an example of syntrophy. However, some Nitrososphaerota are mixotrophic, able to use both organic...
represents a new phylum or a Nitrososphaerota order, since the genome of Caldiarchaeum subterraneum encodes several Nitrososphaerota-like features. The name...
(A2-Hol) Family (TC# 9.B.109) consists of a few putative holins from Nitrososphaerota ranging in size from about 130 to 165 amino acyl residues (aas) and...
bacterial classes found. Most sea ice Archaea belong to the phylum Nitrososphaerota while most of the protists belong to one of 3 supergroups: Alveolata...
finger domains are widely present across diverse "Euryarchaeota" and Nitrososphaerota, where they are often fused to membrane-associated peptidase domains...
have been classified as follows: Marine Group I (MG-I or MGI): marine Nitrososphaerota with subgroups Ia (aka I.a) up to Id Marine Group II (MG-II): marine...
Thermoproteota were recently placed into a new phylum of Archaea called the Nitrososphaerota (formerly Thaumarchaeota). However there are very few molecular markers...
Crenarchaeota be considered a distinct phylum, Thaumarchaeota (now Nitrososphaerota). Crenarchaeol has been proposed as a biomarker for pelagic ammonia-oxidizing...
Archaeal phyla found in the root microbiome include Euryarchaeota, Nitrososphaerota (formerly Thaumarchaeota), and Thermoproteota (formerly Crenarchaeota)...
metagenomics but have yet to be isolated. Putative archaeal viruses of Nitrososphaerota (formerly Thaumarchaeota) and "Euryarchaeota" in the water column and...
stratification die off slowly. Among archaea in the Mediterranean Sea, Nitrososphaerota (formerly Thaumarchaeota) Marine Group I (MGI) and Euryarchaeota Marine...
evaluating the utility of membrane lipids of members of Thaumarchaeota (now Nitrososphaerota) as proxies for the carbon isotope excursion and surface ocean warming...
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