Structure arising during embryonic development of birds and mammals
Neural fold
Chick embryo of thirty-three hours’ incubation, viewed from the dorsal aspect. 30x. (Neural fold labeled at center left, third from the bottom.)
Details
Carnegie stage
9
Precursor
Neural plate
Gives rise to
Neural tube
Identifiers
Latin
plica neuralis
TE
fold_by_E5.13.1.0.1.0.2 E5.13.1.0.1.0.2
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The neural fold is a structure that arises during neurulation in the embryonic development of both birds and mammals among other organisms.[1][2] This structure is associated with primary neurulation, meaning that it forms by the coming together of tissue layers, rather than a clustering, and subsequent hollowing out, of individual cells (known as secondary neurulation). In humans, the neural folds are responsible for the formation of the anterior end of the neural tube. The neural folds are derived from the neural plate, a preliminary structure consisting of elongated ectoderm cells. The folds give rise to neural crest cells, as well as bringing about the formation of the neural tube.[1][3]
^ abGilbert, Scott F. (2010). Developmental biology (9th ed.). Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 978-0878933846.[page needed]
^Colas JF, Schoenwolf GC (June 2001). "Towards a cellular and molecular understanding of neurulation". Developmental Dynamics. 221 (2): 117–45. doi:10.1002/dvdy.1144. PMID 11376482. S2CID 43666547.
^Yamaguchi Y, Miura M (September 2013). "How to form and close the brain: insight into the mechanism of cranial neural tube closure in mammals". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 70 (17): 3171–86. doi:10.1007/s00018-012-1227-7. PMC 3742426. PMID 23242429.
The neuralfold is a structure that arises during neurulation in the embryonic development of both birds and mammals among other organisms. This structure...
as the neuralfold become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into the closed neural tube. In...
as the neuralfolds, converge at the dorsal midline to form the neural tube. Subsequently, neural crest cells from the roof plate of the neural tube undergo...
Neurulation refers to the folding process in vertebrate embryos, which includes the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube. The embryo at this...
narrow. The ends of the neural plate, known as the neuralfolds, push the ends of the plate up and together, folding into the neural tube, a structure critical...
The neural groove is a shallow median groove of the neural plate between the neuralfolds of an embryo. The neural plate is a thick sheet of ectoderm surrounded...
these folds is a shallow median groove, the neural groove. The groove gradually deepens as the neuralfolds become elevated, and ultimately the folds meet...
Retinal homeobox protein Rx also known as retina and anterior neuralfold homeobox is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAX gene. The RAX gene...
Deep learning is the subset of machine learning methods based on neural networks with representation learning. The adjective "deep" refers to the use of...
A chicken embryo, showing the paraxial mesoderm on both sides of the neuralfold. The anterior (forward) portion has begun to form somites (labeled "primitive...
Nishikawa S, Fraser ST, Nishikawa S (2004). "Neural crest and the origin of ectomesenchyme: neuralfold heterogeneity suggests an alternative hypothesis"...
A graph neural network (GNN) belongs to a class of artificial neural networks for processing data that can be represented as graphs. In the more general...
A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a regularized type of feed-forward neural network that learns features by itself via filter (or kernel) optimization...
the neural tube during development. There are four stages of the spinal cord that arises from the neural tube: The neural plate, neuralfold, neural tube...
grooves or sulci. These two grooves in the neuralfolds transform into optic vesicles with the closure of the neural tube. The optic vesicles then develop...
the surface ectoderm and the neuroectoderm after the closure of the neuralfolds in the fourth week of gastrulation. Hydranencephaly is a condition in...
system (PNS). As development proceeds, a fold called the neural groove appears along the midline. This fold deepens, and then closes up at the top. At...
transformation into the neural plate, transformation into the neural groove (with associated neuralfolds), and transformation into the neural tube. After formation...
A residual neural network (also referred to as a residual network or ResNet) is a seminal deep learning model in which the weight layers learn residual...
neurulation stage—the neuralfolds close to form the neural tube, bringing together the neural crest cells at the neural crest. The neural crest runs the length...
the neural plate. During embryonic development, the neural plate first invaginates longitudinally to form the neural groove, whose edges (neuralfolds) fuse...
forms along the long axis of the neural plate, and the neural plate folds to give rise to the neural tube. This process is known as neurulation. When the...
or paper folding has received a considerable amount of mathematical study. Fields of interest include a given paper model's flat-foldability (whether...
the formation and inward folding of the neural plate upon itself to form the neural tube. In secondary neurulation, the neural tube forms via the merging...
ends start to fold upwards as neuralfolds. Neurulation refers to this folding process whereby the neural plate is transformed into the neural tube, and this...
a longitudinal groove on the neural plate gradually deepens and the ridges on either side of the groove (the neuralfolds) become elevated, and ultimately...
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