Margin seen on the back of the heads of some reptiles
This article is about neck frills in animals. For neck frills on clothing, see Ruff (clothing).
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Frill-necked lizard showing its neck frillsSkull of Triceratops with its large neck frill
A neck frill is the relatively extensive margin seen on the back of the heads of reptiles with either a bony support such as those present on the skulls of dinosaurs of the suborder Marginocephalia or a cartilaginous one as in the frill-necked lizard.
In technical terms, the bone-supported frill is composed of an enlarged parietal bone flanked by elongated squamosals and sometimes ringed by epoccipitals, bony knobs that gave the margin a jagged appearance. In the early 1900s, the parietal bone was known among paleontologists as the dermosupraoccipital. The feature is now referred to as the parietosquamosal frill. In some genera, such as Triceratops, Pentaceratops, Centrosaurus and Torosaurus, this extension is very large. Despite the neck frill predominantly being made of hard bone, some neck frills are made of skin, as is the case with the frill-necked lizard of today that resides in Australia. The use of the neck frill in dinosaurs is uncertain; it may have been used for thermoregulation or simply as a defense mechanism. Indeed, during battles for territory, competing Triceratops crashed heads together with their elongated horns and the neck frill may have been employed as a kind of shield, protecting the rest of the animal from harm.
Usage of the neck frill in modern reptiles is better documented. Two chief and disparate examples are the horned lizards (genus Phrynosoma) with a bony frill, and the frill-necked lizard (genus Chlamydosaurus) with a cartilaginous frill. The frill-necked lizard's frill is mainly made up of flaps of skin, which are usually coloured pink, supported by cartilaginous spines. Frill-necked lizards puff out these neck frills on either side of its head when threatened. The lizards often raise their frills when battling for territory or when coming into contact with another lizard, especially during mating season.[1] Acoustic measurements from the frill-necked lizard suggest that the frill does not affect binaural hearing for localization but may increase gain for sounds from directly in front of the lizard.[2]
Numerous other animals of both modern and prehistoric times use both skin or bone protrusions to make themselves seem more threatening, attract mates or to thermoregulate. Examples of these are the usage of dewlaps and crests in lizards, dinosaurs and birds. The unusual red-fan parrot has a feathery neck frill which is used for display purposes.[3]
^Shine, Richard (1990). "Function and evolution of the frill of the frill neck lizard Chlamydosaurus kingii (Sauria: Amagidae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 40: 11–20. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1990.tb00531.x.
^Peacock, J.; Benson, M.A.; Greene, N.T.; Tollin, D.J.; Young, B.A. (2022-07-15). "The acoustical effect of the neck frill of the frill-necked lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii)". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 152 (1): 437. Bibcode:2022ASAJ..152..437P. doi:10.1121/10.0012221. PMID 35931550. S2CID 250592592. Retrieved 2023-05-18 – via AIP Publishing.
^"Red-fan parrot or hawk-headed parrot | zoo-ekzo.com- Экзотические животные". www.zoo-ekzo.com.
A neckfrill is the relatively extensive margin seen on the back of the heads of reptiles with either a bony support such as those present on the skulls...
lizard (Chlamydosaurus kingii), also known as the frillneck lizard, frill-necked lizard or frilled dragon, is a species of lizard in the family Agamidae...
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short and stiff neck, and neckfrill. The frill was likely used for display or intraspecific combat, as well as protection of the neck and anchoring of...
North America. It had four to six long parietal spikes extending from its neckfrill, a smaller jugal horn on each of its cheeks, and a single horn protruding...
ending in pointed tips. The neckfrill was short from front to back, with small parietal fenestrae (openings through the frill), and ten hook-like epiossifications...
the parietal and squamosal bones of the skull roof, to form the neckfrill. The neck frills of ceratopsids are surrounded by the epoccipital bones. The...
where it was given the fictional abilities to spit venom and expand a neckfrill, and was depicted as smaller than the real animal. In the summer of 1942...
including domestic chickens, some cracids and some guans. Crest Double chin Neckfrill Wattle Lexic.us. "Definition of caruncle". Retrieved April 20, 2013. "doglæp...
ability to spit venom. The film's Dilophosaurus also has a fictionalized neckfrill that retracts, and the dinosaur was made significantly smaller to ensure...
and the flared jugal (cheek) bones. There is still no sign of the bony neckfrill or prominent facial horns which would develop in later ceratopsians. Bony...
Longhorn bull. The neckfrill is almost circular with its widest point at the middle. The epiossifications on the margins of the frill are shaped like low...
above its eyes (brow horns), and a short neckfrill with a series of forward-curving hornlets that gave the frill a crown-like appearance. Inside this row...
and the red-fan parrot (or hawk-headed parrot) has a prominent feather neckfrill that it can raise and lower at will. The predominant colour of plumage...
tyrannosaur tooth marks on a Triceratops brow horn and squamosal (a bone of the neckfrill); the bitten horn is also broken, with new bone growth after the break...
tyrannosaur tooth marks on a Triceratops brow horn and squamosal (a bone of the neckfrill); the bitten horn is also broken, with new bone growth after the break...
Chasmosaurus remains; holotype NMC 491, a parietal bone that was part of a neckfrill. Although recognizing that his find represented a new species, Lambe thought...
repeated oral descriptions and artistic attempts to illustrate a bony neckfrill (which is rather fragile and may have been frequently broken or entirely...
indicated two unique traits, or autapomorphies: On the rear rim of the neckfrill, the second and third epiparietals, which are skin ossifications attached...
mass. It was built like a typical ceratopsian in that it had a large neckfrill made of bone. It had a small horn on the nose, perhaps a second horn in...
neckfrill was moderately large. Unfortunately the specimens were incomplete so it cannot be determined if there were parietal openings in the frill like...
Vampire Bat with fabric wings connected to the arms, and a Cobra with a neckfrill. Other products include the head-only lycra Morphmask and Megamorph, an...
The Classic Oriental Frill is an exhibition breed of pigeon from the Owl family. It is a Turkish breed specially bred for the Ottoman Sultans. In its...
Dilophosaurus appears in the video game adaption where it has the same neckfrill description as the version seen in the Jurassic Park franchise. A group...
hypothesis included the shapes of the epoccipital and squamosal bones, and a neckfrill (parietal bone) that had "incipient" openings (contrasting with no openings...
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