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Nasserism التيار الناصري | |
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Nasserism (Arabic: التيار الناصري at-Tayyār an-Nāṣirī) is an Arab nationalist and Arab socialist political ideology based on the thinking of Gamal Abdel Nasser, one of the two principal leaders of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and Egypt's second President. Spanning the domestic and international spheres, it combines elements of Arab socialism, republicanism, secularism, nationalism, anti-imperialism, developing world solidarity, Pan-Arabism, and international non-alignment. According to Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, Nasserism symbolised "the direction of liberation, socialist transformation, the people’s control of their own resources, and the democracy of the peoples working forces."[18]
Many other Arab countries have adopted Nasserist forms of government during the 20th century, most being formed during the 1960s, including Algeria under the FLN[19] and the Libyan Arab Republic under Muammar Gaddafi.[20] The Nasserist ideology is also similar in theory to the Ba'athist ideology which was also notably practiced under Saddam Hussein's Ba'athist Iraq (1968–2003) and under Hafez al-Assad and now Bashar al-Assad's Syrian Arab Republic (1971–present).
- ^ Salem 2020, p. 136-137: "The building of the High Dam, the financing for which came from the nationalization of the Canal, was similarly connected to global debates around industry and self-sufficiency, and was a pivotal moment of decolonization, symbolizing both the end of Britain’s global influence and the emergence of Nasser as the leader of Arab nationalism."
- ^ Ismael, Tareq Y. (1976). The Arab Left. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 10. ISBN 0-8156-0124-7.
Chapters 2, 3, 4, and 5 examine the four principal leftist nationalist forces that emerged in the post-World War II era: the Ba'ath, the Progressive Socialists of Lebanon, the Arab Nationalist Movement, and Nasserism (written by Jacqueline Ismael).
- ^ Alfadhel, Khalifa A. (2016). The Failure of the Arab Spring. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4438-9789-1.
Nasser's period of leftist nationalism was known as Nasserism. The ideological roots of Nasserism are found in his magnum opus: Egypt's Liberation.
- ^
- https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/north-africa-west-asia/in-nassers-shadow/
- https://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/islandora/object/fsu:183215/datastream/PDF/view
- https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/anticolonial-afterlives-in-egypt/hegemony-in-egypt/1A7B1186F6E670AC1A720B3F6DB5A1DB
- ^ https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/egypt_mahfouz_4025jsp/
- ^ "Nasserism".
- ^ Anis H. Bajrektarevic (2017). "No Asian Century without the pan-Asian Institution". tnp.no.
It has served a dual purpose; originally, to contain the leftist Nasseristic pan-Arabism which was introducing a republican type of egalitarian government in the Middle Eastern theater.
- ^ Ihsan Yilmaz; Raja M. Ali Saleem (1 March 2022). "Military and Populism: A Global Tour with a Special Emphasis on the Case of Pakistan" (PDF). Populism & Politics (10). European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS): 12. doi:10.55271/pp0010. S2CID 247207638.
Left-wing populism was also adopted by many military coup leaders in Africa, such as Gamal Abdel Nasser in Egypt (ruled 1956-70), Ben Bella (ruled 1962-65) in Algeria, and Thomas Sankara (ruled 1983-87) in Burkina Faso. Some of these generals "thickened" their populism with nationalism and transnationalism. Nasser was traditionally a left-wing populist leader, yet he used the ideas of pan-Arabism to create not only a national identity for Egypt but for Arabs around the Middle East.
- ^ Farah, Nadia Ramsis (1986). Religious Strife in Egypt: Crisis and Ideological Conflict in the Seventies. Vol. 9. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-415-81122-4.
Arab socialism was advocated as the dominant ideology of Nasser's regime. The Islamic dimension played a role in Arab socialism. However, Islam was reduced to the personal sphere and the regime did not advocate Islam, except in periods of crisis such as the period that followed the Arab defeat in 1967.
- ^ Friedman, Jeremy (4 January 2022). Ripe for Revolution: Building Socialism in the Third World. Harvard University Press. p. 173. ISBN 9780674269767.
"At a time when the leading lights of African socialism-people such as Gamal Abdel Nasser,...
- ^ Paolo Chiocchetti (23 January 2017). "Populism". resume.uni.lu. Revue de l'euro, Université du Luxembourg. doi:10.25517/RESuME-JyutQzd-2017.
In the scholarly literature, it has been used to describe a wide range of seemingly disparate political phenomena: Latin American "national-populists" (e.g. Peronists), "third-worldist" authoritarian regimes (e.g. Nasserism), contemporary radical right (e.g. the French Front national) and radical left (e.g. the Greek SYRIZA) parties, Islamic fundamentalists (e.g. the Muslim Brotherhood), and charismatic leaders of all stripes (e.g. Alberto Fujimori, Ross Perot, Silvio Berlusconi, Pim Fortuyn, and Hugo Chavez).
- ^ Mili, Amel (May 2009). Exploring The Relation Between Gender Politics and Representative Government in the Maghreb: Analytical and Empirical Observations (Doctor of Philosophy thesis). Newark, New Jersey: State University of New Jersey. p. 51.
Some of the ideologies that gained some traction, at least for some time, include Baathism (Iraq, Syria), Socialism (Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Syria, Tunisia, Libya, and Yemen since the 1950's), Communism (South Yemen in the 1960s), Pan-Arabic Nasserism (Egypt, as well as the few countries that have joined it at one time or another in short lived unions), and state capitalism fused with monarchy (the Gulf states, Jordan and Morocco).
- ^ Salem, Sara (April 2020). "2 - Hegemony in Egypt". Anticolonial Afterlives in Egypt: The Politics of Hegemony. The Global Middle East. Cambridge University Press. p. 98. ISBN 9781108868969.
Nasser's anti-imperialism and the discourse of Arab socialism proved relatable to the majority of Egyptians for whom social justice and economic independence were central concerns.
- ^ Range, Willard (1959). "An Interpretation of Nasserism". The Western Political Quarterly. 12 (4): 1005–1016. doi:10.2307/443794. JSTOR 443794.
- ^ https://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12617062/index.pdf
- ^
- Ismael, Tareq Y. (1976). The Arab Left. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 10. ISBN 0-8156-0124-7.
Chapters 2, 3, 4, and 5 examine the four principal leftist nationalist forces that emerged in the post-World War II era: the Ba'ath, the Progressive Socialists of Lebanon, the Arab Nationalist Movement, and Nasserism (written by Jacqueline Ismael).
- Alfadhel, Khalifa A. (2016). The Failure of the Arab Spring. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4438-9789-1.
Nasser's period of leftist nationalism was known as Nasserism. The ideological roots of Nasserism are found in his magnum opus: Egypt's Liberation.
- Ginat, Rami (1997). Egypt's Incomplete Revolution: Lutfi al-Khuli and Nasser's Socialism in the 1960s. Portland, Oregon: Frank Cass & Co Ltd. p. 190. ISBN 0-7146-4295-9.
At the same time, Nasser, keen to prove the depth of his commitment to socialism, turned to al-Khuli: 'Lutfi! Don't you find it difficult to be on my left? Nobody can possibly be more leftist than me.'
- Katherine Barymow (9 August 2017). "Proxy Conflict Turned Civil Crisis: Understanding Syrian Political Movements to United States Foreign Policy". Syracuse University Honors Program Capstone Projects. 992. Syracuse University: 35.
The Eisenhower Doctrine was thus an attempt through economic and military aid to encourage the governments to side openly with the West in the Cold War, therefore swinging away from the Leftist Nasser regime and his regional allies, including the Syrian government and the Nasserist opposition parties in other Arab countries.
- Ismael, Tareq Y. (1976). The Arab Left. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 10. ISBN 0-8156-0124-7.
- ^ Pan-Arab Colors, crwflags.com
- ^ Ismael, Tareq Y. (1976). The Arab Left. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. p. 91. ISBN 0-8156-0124-7.
- ^ Harmon, Stephen A. (2016-03-09). Terror and Insurgency in the Sahara-Sahel Region: Corruption, Contraband, Jihad and the Mali War of 2012-2013. Routledge. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-317-04606-6.
- ^ Sayigh, Yusuf A. (2014-10-30). The Economies of the Arab World (RLE Economy of Middle East): Development since 1945. Routledge. p. 433. ISBN 978-1-317-59805-3.