Names of the Albanians and Albania information

The Albanians (Albanian: Shqiptarët) and their country Albania (Shqipëria) have been identified by many ethnonyms. The native endonym is Shqiptar. The name "Albanians" Latin: Albanenses/Arbanenses) was used in medieval Greek and Latin documents that gradually entered European languages from which other similar derivative names emerged.^[1] Linguists believe that the alb part in the root word originates from an Indo-European term for a type of mountainous topography, meaning "hill, mountain", also present in Alps.^[2] Through the root word alban and its rhotacized equivalents arban, albar, and arbar, the term in Albanian became rendered as Arbëreshë (Gheg Albanian: Arbëneshë) for the people and Arbëria (Gheg Albanian: Arbënia) for the country.^[1]^[3]

Contemporary Albanian language employs a different ethnonym, with modern Albanians referring to themselves as Shqiptarë and to their country as Shqipëria.^[3] Two etymologies have been proposed for this ethnonym: one, derived the name from the Albanian word for eagle (shqiponjë).^[4] The eagle was a common heraldic symbol for many Albanian dynasties in the Late Middle Ages and came to be a symbol of the Albanians in general, for example the flag of Skanderbeg, whose family symbol was the black double-headed eagle, as displayed on the Albanian flag.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[4] The other within scholarship connects it to the verb 'pronounce' (shqiptoj), deriving from Latin excipere. In this instance the Albanian endonym like many others would originally have been a term connoting "those who speak [intelligibly, the same language]".^[4] Attested from 14th century onward, the placename Shqipëria and the ethnic demonym Shqiptarë gradually replaced Arbëria and Arbëreshë amongst Albanian speakers between the late 17th and early 18th centuries.^[3]^[9] That era brought about religious and other sociopolitical changes.^[3] As such a new and generalised response by Albanians based on ethnic and linguistic consciousness to this new and different Ottoman world emerging around them was a change in ethnonym.^[3]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Elsie200534 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Malcolm29 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Cite error: The named reference Lloshi277 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference Kamusella241 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Elsie 2010, "Flag, Albanian", p. 140: "The eagle was a common heraldic symbol for many Albanian dynasties in the Late Middle Ages and came to be a symbol of the Albanians in general. It is also said to have been the flag of Skanderbeg...As a symbol of modern Albania, the flag began to be seen during the years of the national awakening and was in common use during the uprisings of 1909-1912. It was this flag that Ismail Qemal bey Vlora raised in Vlora on 28 November 1912 in proclaiming Albanian independence."
^ The Flag Bulletin. Flag Research Center. 1987-01-01. History records that the 15th century Albanian national hero, Skanderbeg (i.e. George Kastriota), had raised the red flag with the black eagle over his ancestral home, the Fortress of Kruje
^ Hodgkison, Harry (2005). Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-85043-941-7.
^ "ALBANCI". Enciklopedija Jugoslavije 2nd ed. Vol. Supplement. Zagreb: JLZ. 1984. p. 1.
^ Cite error: The named reference Matasović was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Elsie200534-1] Cite error: The named reference Elsie200534 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Malcolm29-2] Cite error: The named reference Malcolm29 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Lloshi277-3] Cite error: The named reference Lloshi277 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Kamusella241-4] Cite error: The named reference Kamusella241 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[5] Elsie 2010, "Flag, Albanian", p. 140: "The eagle was a common heraldic symbol for many Albanian dynasties in the Late Middle Ages and came to be a symbol of the Albanians in general. It is also said to have been the flag of Skanderbeg...As a symbol of modern Albania, the flag began to be seen during the years of the national awakening and was in common use during the uprisings of 1909-1912. It was this flag that Ismail Qemal bey Vlora raised in Vlora on 28 November 1912 in proclaiming Albanian independence."

[6] The Flag Bulletin. Flag Research Center. 1987-01-01. History records that the 15th century Albanian national hero, Skanderbeg (i.e. George Kastriota), had raised the red flag with the black eagle over his ancestral home, the Fortress of Kruje

[7] Hodgkison, Harry (2005). Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-85043-941-7.

[ej2-s-8] "ALBANCI". Enciklopedija Jugoslavije 2nd ed. Vol. Supplement. Zagreb: JLZ. 1984. p. 1.

[Matasović-9] Cite error: The named reference Matasović was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Names of the Albanians and Albania information

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