Arab people who inhabited northern Arabia and the Southern Levant
"Nabataean" redirects here. For the languages, see Nabataean Arabic and Nabataean Aramaic.
For the name used by Islamicate authors to designate the native inhabitants of Mesopotamia, see Nabataeans of Iraq.
Nabataeans
A map of the Roman empire under Hadrian (ruled CE 117–138), showing the location of the Arabes Nabataei in the desert regions around the Roman province of Arabia Petraea
Languages
Nabataean Arabic (native)
Nabataean Aramaic (commercial and official purposes)
Religion
Nabataean polytheism
Christianity
Related ethnic groups
Arabs
The Nabataeans or Nabateans (/ˌnæbəˈtiːənz/; Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢕𐢃𐢋𐢈, NBṬW, vocalized as Nabāṭū; Arabic: ٱلْأَنْبَاط, al-ʾAnbāṭ, singular النبطي, an-Nabaṭī; compare Ancient Greek: Ναβαταῖος, romanized: Nabataîos; Latin: Nabataeus) were an ancient Arab people who inhabited northern Arabia and the southern Levant.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Their settlements—most prominently the assumed capital city of Raqmu (present-day Petra, Jordan)[1]—gave the name Nabatene (Ancient Greek: Ναβατηνή, romanized: Nabatēnḗ) to the Arabian borderland that stretched from the Euphrates to the Red Sea.
The Nabateans emerged as a distinct civilization and political entity between the 4th and 2nd centuries BCE,[8] with their kingdom centered around a loosely controlled trading network that brought considerable wealth and influence across the ancient world.
Described as fiercely independent by contemporary Greco-Roman accounts, the Nabataeans were annexed into the Roman Empire by Emperor Trajan in 106 CE. Nabataeans' individual culture, easily identified by their characteristic finely potted painted ceramics, was adopted into the larger Greco-Roman culture. They converted to Christianity during the Later Roman Era. They have been described as one of the most gifted peoples of the ancient world[9][10][11] and one of the "most unjustly forgotten".[12][8]
^ ab"Nabataeans". livius.org. Retrieved August 31, 2015.
^"Herod | Biography & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. 29 June 2023.
^"Solving the Enigma of Petra and the Nabataeans - Biblical Archaeology Society". Biblical Archaeology Society. 6 April 2017.
^Bowersock, Glen Warren (1994). Roman Arabia. Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674777569.
^Catherwood, Christopher (2011). A Brief History of the Middle East. Little, Brown Book Group. ISBN 9781849018074.
^Incorporated, Facts On File (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9781438126760.
^Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther (2012). The Oxford Classical Dictionary. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199545568.
^ abTaylor, Jane (2001). Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the Nabataeans. London: I.B.Tauris. pp. 14, 17, 30, 31. ISBN 9781860645082. Retrieved 8 July 2016.
^Taylor, Jane (2001). Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the Nabataeans. London, United Kingdom: I.B.Tauris. pp. centerfold, 14. ISBN 978-1-86064-508-2. The Nabataean Arabs, one of the most gifted peoples of the ancient world, are today known only for their hauntingly beautiful rock-carved capital — Petra.
^Taylor, Jane (2002). Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the Nabataeans. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-00849-6.
^Grant, Michael (2011-12-30). Jews In The Roman World. Orion. ISBN 978-1-78022-281-3.
^Elborough, Travis (2019-09-17). Atlas of Vanishing Places: The lost worlds as they were and as they are today. White Lion Publishing. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-78131-895-9.
contemporary Greco-Roman accounts, the Nabataeans were annexed into the Roman Empire by Emperor Trajan in 106 CE. Nabataeans' individual culture, easily identified...
Nabataean Arabic was the dialect of Arabic spoken by the Nabataeans in antiquity. It was succeeded by Paleo-Arabic. In the first century AD, the Nabataeans...
supreme god by the Nabataeans, oftentimes he is referred as "Dushara and all the gods". He is considered the god of the Nabataean royal house. The fall...
Nabataean Aramaic is the extinct Aramaic variety used in inscriptions by the Nabataeans of the East Bank of the Jordan River, the Negev, and the Sinai...
The Nabataean script is an abjad (consonantal alphabet) that was used to write Nabataean Aramaic and Nabataean Arabic from the second century BC onwards...
dialect of Arabic spoken by the Nabataeans Eastern Aramaic varieties that were referred to by the Muslim Arabs as "Nabataean" This disambiguation page lists...
business gained the Nabataeans considerable revenue and Petra became the focus of their wealth. Unlike their enemies, the Nabataeans were accustomed to...
Nabataean art is the art of the Nabataeans of North Arabia. They are known for finely-potted painted ceramics, which became dispersed among Greco-Roman...
whom the Muslim Arabs seem to have called 'Nabataeans of the Levant' (نبط الشام, Nabaṭ al-Shām). The Nabataeans of Iraq were strongly associated by their...
of "Nabataean" Kurds and Armenians, as well as of "Nabataeans of the Levant" (the term apparently used by Arabic authors for the ancient Nabataeans of...
coinarchives.com. Retrieved 2023-06-27. Money portal Nabataea.Net Arabia and commerce Reading and understanding Nabataean on coins - a complete list[dead link]...
these enabled the Nabataeans to thrive in the desert. Some of these structures survive to this day. Apollodorus of Damascus - Nabataean architect and engineer...
The Rulers of Nabataea, reigned over the Nabataean Kingdom (also rendered as Nabataea, Nabatea, or Nabathea), inhabited by the Nabateans, located in present-day...
Petra, Jordan. These people (now named Nabataeans from the name of one of the tribes, Nabatu) spoke Nabataean Arabic, a dialect of the Arabic language...
buried and that Iram is the name of a tribe of ʿĀd and not a location. The Nabataeans were one of the many nomadic Bedouin tribes who roamed the Arabian Desert...
descendants of Abraham through his son Ishmael. During classical antiquity, the Nabataeans established their kingdom with Petra as the capital in 300 BCE, by 271...
the descendants of Ishmael as Arabs, linking them with the historical Nabataeans of Hellenistic and Roman times (Jewish Antiquities 1.12.4): twelve sons...
the Bronze Age: Ammon, Moab and Edom. In the third century BC, the Arab Nabataeans established their Kingdom centered in Petra. Later rulers of the Transjordan...
Petra, Jordan. These people (now named Nabataeans from the name of one of the tribes, Nabatu) spoke Nabataean Arabic, a Northwest Semitic language. In...
Obodas I (Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢗𐢃𐢅𐢞 ʿŌbōdaṯ; Ancient Greek: Ὀβόδας) was king of the Nabataeans from 96 to 85 BC. After his death, Obodas was worshiped...
back onto the throne. Hyrcanus took refuge with Aretas III, King of the Nabataeans, who had been bribed by Antipater into supporting Hyrcanus' cause through...
on the earlier history of the Nabataeans, he presented substantive evidence supporting the existence of the Nabataeans dynasty as early as the third century...
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