NGC 520 information

NGC 520
NGC 520
	NGC 520 by HST
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Pisces
Right ascension	01h 24m 35.071s
Declination	+03° 47′ 32.68″
Redshift	0.007609±0.000010
Heliocentric radial velocity	2,281±3 km/s
Distance	105 Mly (32.2 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)	12.2
Characteristics
Type	Pec
Apparent size (V)	4.5′
Notable features	Interacting galaxies
Other designations
	UGC 966, Arp 157, PGC 5193

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NGC 520, also known as the Flying Ghost,^[6] is a pair of colliding spiral galaxies about 105 million light-years away in the constellation Pisces.^[7] They were discovered by astronomer William Herschel on 13 December 1784.^[8]

Halton Arp called this the second-brightest very disturbed galaxy in the sky, and it is as bright in the infrared and radio bands as the Antennae Galaxies. Simulations indicate this object consists of two galactic disks that began interacting about 300 million years ago. The system is still in an early stage of its merger, showing two separate velocity systems in the spectra, and two small tails. Two galactic nuclei have been detected,^[9] and one is an H II nucleus.^[10]

The main galactic component is being viewed edge-on, making it fainter in the optical band. The secondary component is brighter but less massive than the main, and is located to the northwest. They are separated by a dark lane of dust. The region of the galaxies outside their nuclei experienced a period of increased star formation roughly around the time they began to interact.^[9] Two dwarf objects are located in the vicinity of this merging pair, and one of them, designated UGC957, is located in the northern tidal tail – it may be the result of the interaction.^[11]

When viewed in the X-ray band, the interacting galaxies appear around half as luminous as expected given their merger state. Analysis of the gas and molecular features suggests the secondary merger component is gas poor. Most of the star formation, therefore, took place in the gas-rich main component to the southeast. 15 X-ray sources are detected within the merger, with many of them displaying long-term variability. A large galactic wind is evident, being driven by the starburst activity.^[9]

^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Skrutskie2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b Cite error: The named reference Crook2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Cappellari2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Cite error: The named reference ned was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference SIMBAD was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Stoyan, Ronald; Schurig, Stephan (2014). interstellarum Deep Sky Atlas. Erlangen: Cambridge University Press; Oculum-Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-1-107-50338-0. OCLC 920437579.
^ Cite error: The named reference ned-dist was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference cseligman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ^a ^b ^c Cite error: The named reference Read2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference hoetal1997 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference Delgado-Donate2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Skrutskie2006-1] Cite error: The named reference Skrutskie2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Crook2007-2] Cite error: The named reference Crook2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Cappellari2011-3] Cite error: The named reference Cappellari2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[ned-4] Cite error: The named reference ned was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[SIMBAD-5] Cite error: The named reference SIMBAD was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[interstellarum-6] Stoyan, Ronald; Schurig, Stephan (2014). interstellarum Deep Sky Atlas. Erlangen: Cambridge University Press; Oculum-Verlag GmbH. ISBN 978-1-107-50338-0. OCLC 920437579.

[ned-dist-7] Cite error: The named reference ned-dist was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[cseligman-8] Cite error: The named reference cseligman was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Read2005-9] Cite error: The named reference Read2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[hoetal1997-10] Cite error: The named reference hoetal1997 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Delgado-Donate2003-11] Cite error: The named reference Delgado-Donate2003 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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