This is a general list of galaxies. For more specific lists, see Lists of galaxies.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
Size (left) and distance (right) of a few well-known galaxies put to scale
The following is a list of notable galaxies.
There are about 51 galaxies in the Local Group (see list of nearest galaxies for a complete list), on the order of 100,000 in the Local Supercluster, and an estimated 100 billion in all of the observable universe.[1]
The discovery of the nature of galaxies as distinct from other nebulae (interstellar clouds) was made in the 1920s. The first attempts at systematic catalogues of galaxies were made in the 1960s, with the Catalogue of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies listing 29,418 galaxies and galaxy clusters, and with the Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies, a putatively complete list of galaxies with photographic magnitude above 15, listing 30,642. In the 1980s, the Lyons Groups of Galaxies listed 485 galaxy groups with 3,933 member galaxies. Galaxy Zoo is a project aiming at a more comprehensive list: launched in July 2007, it has classified over one million galaxy images from The Sloan Digital Sky Survey, The Hubble Space Telescope and the Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey.[2]
There is no universal naming convention for galaxies, as they are mostly catalogued before it is established whether the object is or isn't a galaxy. Mostly they are identified by their celestial coordinates together with the name of the observing project (HUDF, SDSS, 3C, CFHQS, NGC/IC, etc.)
^How Many Galaxies Are There? Astronomers Are Revealing the Enormity of the Universe
^Simmons, B.D.; et al. (2014). "Galaxy Zoo: CANDELS barred discs and bar fractions". MNRAS. 445 (4): 3466–3474. arXiv:1409.1214. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.445.3466S. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1817. S2CID 44006240.
is a listof notable galaxies. There are about 51 galaxies in the Local Group (see listof nearest galaxies for a complete list), on the order of 100,000...
This is a listof largest galaxies known, sorted by order of increasing major axis diameters. The unit of measurement used is the light-year (approximately...
defined galaxy group. The list aims to reflect current knowledge: not all galaxies within the 3.8 Mpc radius have been discovered. Nearby dwarf galaxies are...
the accelerating expansion of the universe, the individual clusters of gravitationally bound galaxies that make up galaxy filaments are moving away from...
Population I stars. A spiral galaxy maintains its spiral arms due to density wave theory. Below is a listof notable spiral galaxies with their own articles...
a spiral galaxy. It is estimated that there are between 200 billion (2×1011) to 2 trillion galaxies in the observable universe. Most galaxies are 1,000...
of them are drawn together in groups and clusters, with groups containing up to some dozens ofgalaxies and clusters up to several thousand galaxies....
This is a listof ring galaxies. A ring galaxy, as the name suggests, is a disc or spiral galaxy with its galactic disc structured or distorted into a...
The Antennae Galaxies (also known as NGC 4038/NGC 4039 or Caldwell 60/Caldwell 61) are a pair of interacting galaxies in the constellation Corvus. They...
first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies. Galaxy formation...
which are dwarf galaxies. The two largest members, the Andromeda and the Milky Way galaxies, are both spiral galaxies with masses of about 1012 solar...
Mice Galaxies, are two spiral galaxies in the constellation Coma Berenices. About 290 million light-years distant, they have begun the process of colliding...
name to galaxies. For instance, Markarian galaxies, named after Benjamin Markarian, are galaxies with excess blue and ultraviolet emission; galaxies in the...
outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to galaxies: Galaxies – gravitationally bound systems of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar...
the Andromeda Galaxy has smaller satellite galaxies, consisting of over 20 known dwarf galaxies. The Andromeda Galaxy's dwarf galaxy population is very...
Spiral galaxies form a class ofgalaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae and, as such, form part of the Hubble...
Local Group. Groups ofgalaxies are the smallest aggregates ofgalaxies. They typically contain no more than 50 galaxies in a diameter of 1 to 2 megaparsecs...
is a large cluster ofgalaxies that contains over 1,000 identified galaxies. Along with the Leo Cluster (Abell 1367), it is one of the two major clusters...
the designation M51 is used to refer to the pair ofgalaxies, in which case the individual galaxies may be referred to as M51a (NGC 5194) and M51b (NGC...
A galaxy cluster, or a cluster ofgalaxies, is a structure that consists of anywhere from hundreds to thousands ofgalaxies that are bound together by...
galaxies are, together with lenticular galaxies (S0) with their large-scale disks, and ES galaxies with their intermediate scale disks, a subset of the...
spiral galaxies, resulting in stellar streams and eventually galaxy merger. There are many dwarf galaxies in the Local Group; these small galaxies frequently...
galaxies and irregular galaxies. SAm galaxies are a type of unbarred spiral galaxy, while SBm are a type of barred spiral galaxy. SABm are a type of intermediate...
galaxies are the smallest aggregates ofgalaxies. They typically contain no more than 50 galaxies in a diameter of 1 to 2 megaparsecs (Mpc)(see 1022 m...
Way has several smaller galaxies gravitationally bound to it, as part of the Milky Way subgroup, which is part of the local galaxy cluster, the Local Group...
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