Global InformationMyelinoid information
A myelinoid or myelin organoid is a three dimensional in vitro cultured model derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that represents various brain regions, the spinal cord or the peripheral nervous system in early fetal human development.[1][2][3] Myelinoids have the capacity to recapitulate aspects of brain developmental processes, microenvironments, cell to cell interaction, structural organization and cellular composition.[2][3] The differentiating aspect dictating whether an organoid is deemed a cerebral organoid/brain organoid or myelinoid is the presence of myelination and compact myelin formation that is a defining feature of myelinoids. Due to the complex nature of the human brain, there is a need for model systems which can closely mimic complicated biological processes. Myelinoids provide a unique in vitro model through which myelin pathology, neurodegenerative diseases, developmental processes and therapeutic screening can be accomplished.[1][2]
- ^ a b James, Owen G.; Selvaraj, Bhuvaneish T.; Magnani, Dario; Burr, Karen; Connick, Peter; Barton, Samantha K.; Vasistha, Navneet A.; Hampton, David W.; Story, David; Smigiel, Robert; Ploski, Rafal; Brophy, Peter J.; ffrench-Constant, Charles; Lyons, David A.; Chandran, Siddharthan (3 May 2021). "iPSC-derived myelinoids to study myelin biology of humans". Developmental Cell. 56 (9): 1346–1358.e6. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.006. PMC 8098746. PMID 33945785.
- ^ a b c Madhavan, Mayur; Nevin, Zachary S.; Shick, H. Elizabeth; Garrison, Eric; Clarkson-Paredes, Cheryl; Karl, Molly; Clayton, Benjamin L. L.; Factor, Daniel C.; Allan, Kevin C.; Barbar, Lilianne; Jain, Tanya; Douvaras, Panagiotis; Fossati, Valentina; Miller, Robert H.; Tesar, Paul J. (September 2018). "Induction of myelinating oligodendrocytes in human cortical spheroids". Nature Methods. 15 (9): 700–706. doi:10.1038/s41592-018-0081-4. PMC 6508550. PMID 30046099.
- ^ a b Chew, Leon; Añonuevo, Adam; Knock, Erin (2022). "Generating Cerebral OrganoidsOrganoids from Human Pluripotent Stem CellsPluripotent stem cells". Neural Progenitor Cells: Methods and Protocols. 2389: 177–199. doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-1783-0_15. PMID 34558011.