The muskox (Ovibos moschatus, in Latin "musky sheep-ox"), also spelled musk ox and musk-ox, plural muskoxen or musk oxen (in Inuktitut: ᐅᒥᖕᒪᒃ, romanized: umingmak; in Woods Cree: ᒫᖨᒨᐢ, romanized: mâthi-môs, ᒫᖨᒧᐢᑐᐢ, mâthi-mostos), is a hoofed mammal of the family Bovidae.[8] Native to the Arctic, it is noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted by males during the seasonal rut, from which its name derives. This musky odor has the effect of attracting females during mating season. Its Inuktitut name "umingmak" translates to "the bearded one".[9]
Its Woods Cree names "mâthi-môs" and "mâthi-mostos" translate to "ugly moose" and "ugly bison", respectively.[10] In historic times, muskoxen primarily lived in Greenland and the Canadian Arctic of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut,[11] They were formerly present in Eurasia, with their youngest natural records in the region dating to around 2,700 years ago,[12] with reintroduced populations in the American state of Alaska, the Canadian territory of Yukon, and Siberia, and an introduced population in Norway, part of which emigrated to Sweden, where a small population now lives.
^Gunn, A.; Forchhammer, M. (2016) [errata version of 2008 assessment]. "Ovibos moschatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T29684A86066477. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T29684A9526203.en. Retrieved 24 December 2019.
^"Ovibos moschatus". NatureServe Explorer. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
^de Blainville, M. H. (1816). "Sur plusieurs espèces d'animaux mammifères, de l'ordre des ruminans". Bulletin des Sciences Par la Société Philomathique de Paris. 1816: 76. g. XI. Ovibos
^Kowarzik, K. (1911). "Das Tränenbein von Ovibos moschatus Blainv". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 37: 106–107.
^Zimmermann, E.A.W. (1780). "Der Muskusochse". Enthält ein vollständiges Verzeichnis aller bekannten Quadrupeden. Geographische Geschichte des Menschen, und der allgemein verbreiteten vierfüssigen Thiere. Vol. 2. Leipzig: Weygandschen Buchhandlung. pp. 86–88.
^Raufuss, I., & von Koenigswald, W. (1999). New remains of Pleistocene Ovibos moschatus from Germany and its geographic and stratigraphic occurrence in Europe. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 78(3), 383-394.
^Cite error: The named reference Lent 1988 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Grubb, P. (2005). "Order Artiodactyla". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 707. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
^Flood, P. F.; Abrams, S. R.; Muir, G. D.; Rowell, J. E. (August 1989). "Odor of the muskox". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 15 (8): 2207–2217. Bibcode:1989JCEco..15.2207F. doi:10.1007/bf01014110. PMID 24272381. S2CID 8453835.
^Houston, Clarence Stuart; Houston, Stuart; Ball, Tim; Houston, Mary (October 2003). Eighteenth-Century Naturalists of Hudson Bay. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-7735-2285-5.
^Animal Life in Greenland – an introduction by the tourist board Archived 2012-04-27 at the Wayback Machine. Greenland-guide.gl. Retrieved on 2011-09-15.
^Markova, A.K.; Puzachenko, A.Yu.; van Kolfschoten, T.; Kosintsev, P.A.; Kuznetsova, T.V.; Tikhonov, A.N.; Bachura, O.P.; Ponomarev, D.V.; van der Plicht, J.; Kuitems, M. (August 2015). "Changes in the Eurasian distribution of the musk ox (Ovibos moschatus) and the extinct bison (Bison priscus) during the last 50 ka BP". Quaternary International. 378: 99–110. Bibcode:2015QuInt.378...99M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.01.020. S2CID 140156564.
The muskox (Ovibos moschatus, in Latin "musky sheep-ox"), also spelled musk ox and musk-ox, plural muskoxen or musk oxen (in Inuktitut: ᐅᒥᖕᒪᒃ, romanized: umingmak;...
inner wool of the muskox. In Inuinnaqtun the same word can be used to refer any down such as the down feathers of birds. The muskox has a two-layered...
Praeovibos, also known as the giant muskox, is an extinct genus of bovid that contains a single species, Praeovibos priscus. This species used to be regarded...
muskox in the tribe Ovibovini, more recent mitochondrial research shows a closer relationship to Ovis (sheep). Its physical similarity to the muskox is...
names for Bootherium include Harlan's muskox, woodox, woodland muskox, helmeted muskox, or bonnet-headed muskox. Symbos was formerly thought to be a separate...
and musical presentations. Elon the Muskox (Elon Muskox), a mosaiculture horticultural living sculpture of a muskox exhibited in front of City Hall. Centre...
Uphere Magazine. Retrieved 11 April 2018. "The Army Goes North: Operation Muskox (Arctic Expedition)". Arctic Institute of North America, University of Calgary...
The Muskox intrusion is a layered intrusion in Nunavut, Canada. It is located 144 km (89 mi) northeast of Great Bear Lake and 90 km (56 mi) south of Kugluktuk...
Sometimes there is debate whether the muskox or the Arctic hare is the primary prey for the hare-wolf-muskox predator-prey system. Studies provide evidence...
Muskox Fjord (Danish: Moskusoksefjord) is a fjord in King Christian X Land, East Greenland. Administratively it lies in the Northeast Greenland National...
October 2005). "Muskox Suffered Loss Of Genetic Diversity At Pleistocene/Holocene Transition" – via Science Daily. "Greenland Muskox". Bovids. Safari...
permitted to take 10,000 muskox on Banks Island alone and in 2001 it was estimated that there were more than 68,000 muskox on the island making it the...
scrotum. It is applied to various plants and animals of similar smell (e.g. muskox) and has come to encompass a wide variety of aromatic substances with similar...
dike swarm. Included in the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province are the large Muskox layered intrusion, the Coppermine River flood basalt sequence and the massive...
fifteen species of smaller rodent. Of the ungulates, the wild boar, the muskox, the fallow deer, the red deer, the elk (N. American usage: 'moose'), the...
areas, and nesting rooms. They make nests out of grasses, feathers, and muskox wool (qiviut). In the spring, they move to higher ground, where they live...
subfamily Caprinae, along with true goats, wild sheep, the chamois, the muskox and other species. The takins of the Himalayan region, while not a sister...
supply. In northern Alaska, grizzly bears often encounter muskox. Despite the fact that muskox do not usually occur in grizzly habitat and that they are...
thick, soft hair of the angora rabbit. Qiviut is the fine inner wool of the muskox. Silk is an animal textile made from the fibres of the cocoon of the Chinese...
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