Temporal range: middle to late Pleistocene, 0.781–0.012 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
↓
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Artiodactyla
Family:
Bovidae
Subfamily:
Caprinae
Tribe:
Ovibovini
Genus:
†Bootherium Leidy, 1852
Species:
†B. bombifrons
Binomial name
†Bootherium bombifrons
(Harlan, 1825)
Synonyms
Symbos cavifrons
Bootherium (Greek: "ox" (boos), "beast" (therion)[1]) is an extinct bovid genus from the middle to late Pleistocene of North America which contains a single species, Bootherium bombifrons.[2] Vernacular names for Bootherium include Harlan's muskox, woodox, woodland muskox,[3]helmeted muskox,[4] or bonnet-headed muskox.[5]
^"Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.
^McKenna & Bell, 1997, p. 442.
^The Academy of Natural Sciences Archived April 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
^Helmeted Muskox (Bootherium bombifrons) from Near Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta: Dating Evidence for Redeposition in Late Pleistocene Alluvium
^Martin, Paul S. (1999). "War Zones and Game Sinks in Lewis and Clark's West". Conservation Biology. 13 (1): 36–45. Bibcode:1999ConBi..13...36M. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.97417.x. S2CID 8580899.
Bootherium (Greek: "ox" (boos), "beast" (therion)) is an extinct bovid genus from the middle to late Pleistocene of North America which contains a single...
single, sexually dimorphic species, the "woodland muskox", Bootherium bombifrons. Bootherium inhabited open woodland areas of North America during the...
closely related to the living muskox, as well as extinct genera like Bootherium. The earliest fossils of the genus are known from the Early Pleistocene...
ground sloths (Megalonyx, Paramylodon), Pacific mastodon, camels, and Bootherium. As bison were yet to migrate into North America, Columbian mammoths and...
remains at Whitehorse, Yukon dated to 3628-3377 BCE. Woodland muskox Bootherium bombifrons North America Most recent remains dated to 9110-8950 BCE. Shrub-ox...
River), and Arctodus simus, American badger, American kiang-like equids, Bootherium and Camelops in North America, with the existence of Homotherium being...
Stag-moose Cervalces scotti Eastern United States 8420 BC Woodland muskox Bootherium bombifrons North America 8350-7550 BC Shasta ground sloth Nothrotheriops...
reached as far as southern United States, and close relatives of muskox (Bootherium and Euceratherium) extended to southern United States and Mexico. Hence...
species †Blickomylus †Blickomylus moroni – type locality for species †Bootherium †Bootherium bombifrons †Boverisuchus †Boverisuchus vorax – type locality for...
†Blastomeryx †Blastomeryx gemmifer – type locality for species †Bootherium †Bootherium bombifrons – type locality for species †Borophagus †Borophagus diversidens...
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