Global InformationMultifocal plane microscopy information
 | This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. (August 2012) |
Multifocal plane microscopy (MUM), also known as multiplane microscopy or multifocus microscopy, is a form of light microscopy that allows the tracking of the 3D dynamics in live cells at high temporal and spatial resolution by simultaneously imaging different focal planes within the specimen.[1][2][3][4] In this methodology, the light collected from the sample by an infinity-corrected objective lens is split into two paths.[5] In each path the split light is focused onto a detector which is placed at a specific calibrated distance from the tube lens. In this way, each detector images a distinct plane within the sample. The first developed MUM setup was capable of imaging two distinct planes within the sample. However, the setup can be modified to image more than two planes by further splitting the light in each light path and focusing it onto detectors placed at specific calibrated distances. It has later been improved for imaging up to four distinct planes.[6][7] To image a greater number of focal planes, simpler techniques based on image splitting optics have been developed. One example is by using a customized image splitting prism, which is capable of capturing up to 8 focal planes using only two cameras.[8] Better yet, standard off-the-shelf partial beamsplitters can be used to construct a so-called z-splitter prism that allows simultaneous imaging of 9 individual focal planes using a single camera.[9][10] Another technique called multifocus microscopy (MFM) uses diffractive Fourier optics to image up to 25 focal planes.[11][12]
- ^ Prabhat, P.; Ram, S.; Ward, E.S.; Ober, R.J. (2004). "Simultaneous imaging of different focal planes in fluorescence microscopy for the study of cellular dynamics in three dimension". IEEE Transactions on NanoBioscience. 3 (4): 237–242. doi:10.1109/TNB.2004.837899. PMC 2761735. PMID 15631134.
- ^ Prabhat, P.; Ram, S.; Ward, E.S.; Ober, R.J. (2006). Conchello, Jose-Angel; Cogswell, Carol J; Wilson, Tony (eds.). "Simultaneous imaging of several focal planes in fluorescence microscopy for the study of cellular dynamics in 3D". Proceedings of SPIE. Three-Dimensional and Multidimensional Microscopy: Image Acquisition and Processing XIII. 6090: 115–121. Bibcode:2006SPIE.6090..115P. doi:10.1117/12.644343. S2CID 119772837.
- ^ Dehmelt, Leif; Bastiaens, Philippe I. H. (2010). "Spatial organization of intracellular communication: insights from imaging". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 11 (6): 440–452. doi:10.1038/nrm2903. PMID 20485292. S2CID 12262683.
- ^ Tahmasbi, A.; Ram, S.; Chao, J.; Abraham, A.V.; Tang, F.W.; Ward, E.S.; Ober, R.J. (2014). "Designing the focal plane spacing for multifocal plane microscopy". Optics Express. 22 (14): 16706–16721. Bibcode:2014OExpr..2216706T. doi:10.1364/OE.22.016706. PMC 4162350. PMID 25090489.
- ^ Badieirostami, M.; Lew, M.D.; Thompson, M.A.; Moerner, W.E. (2010). "Three-dimensional localization precision of the double-helix point spread function versus astigmatism and biplane". Applied Physics Letters. 97 (16): 161103. Bibcode:2010ApPhL..97p1103B. doi:10.1063/1.3499652. PMC 2980550. PMID 21079725.
- ^ Ram, Sripad; Prabhat, Prashant; Chao, Jerry; Sally Ward, E.; Ober, Raimund J. (2008). "High accuracy 3D quantum dot tracking with multifocal plane microscopy for the study of fast intracellular dynamics in live cells". Biophysical Journal. 95 (12): 6025–6043. Bibcode:2008BpJ....95.6025R. doi:10.1529/biophysj.108.140392. PMC 2599831. PMID 18835896.
- ^ Dalgarno, P. A.; Dalgarno, H. I. C.; Putoud, A.; Lambert, R.; Paterson, L.; Logan, D. C.; Towers, D. P.; Warburton, R. J.; Greenaway, A. H. (2010). "Multiplane imaging and three dimensional nanoscale particle tracking in biological microscopy". Optics Express. 18 (2): 877–884. Bibcode:2010OExpr..18..877D. doi:10.1364/OE.18.000877. PMID 20173908. S2CID 7701295.
- ^ Geissbuehler, S.; Sharipov, A.; Godinat, A.; Bocchio, N. L.; Sandoz, P. A.; Huss, A.; Jensen, N. A.; Jakobs, S.; Enderlein, J.; Goot, F. G.; Dubikovskaya, E. A.; Lasser, T.; Leutenegger, M. (2014). "Live-cell multiplane three-dimensional super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging". Nature Communications. 5: 5830. Bibcode:2014NatCo...5.5830G. doi:10.1038/ncomms6830. PMC 4284648. PMID 25518894.
- ^ Xiao, S.; Gritton, H.; Tseng, H.-A.; Zemel, D.; Han, X.; Mertz, J. (2020). "High-contrast multifocus microscopy with a single camera and z-splitter prism". Optica. 7 (11): 1477–1486. Bibcode:2020Optic...7.1477X. doi:10.1364/OPTICA.404678. PMC 8443084. PMID 34532564.
- ^ Xiao, S.; Zheng, S.; Mertz, J. (2021). "High-speed multifocus phase imaging in thick tissue". Biomedical Optics Express. 12 (9): 5782–5792. doi:10.1364/BOE.436247. PMC 8515987. PMID 34692215.
- ^ Abrahamsson, Sara; Chen, Jiji; Hajj, Bassam; Stallinga, Sjoerd; Katsov, Alexander Y; Wisniewski, Jan; Mizuguchi, Gaku; Soule, Pierre; Mueller, Florian (1 January 2012). "Fast multicolor 3D imaging using aberration-corrected multifocus microscopy". Nature Methods. 10 (1): 60–63. doi:10.1038/nmeth.2277. PMC 4161287. PMID 23223154.
- ^ Abrahamsson, Sara; McQuilken, Molly; Mehta, Shalin B.; Verma, Amitabh; Larsch, Johannes; Ilic, Rob; Heintzmann, Rainer; Bargmann, Cornelia I.; Gladfelter, Amy S. (1 January 2015). "MultiFocus Polarization Microscope (MF-PolScope) for 3D polarization imaging of up to 25 focal planes simultaneously". Optics Express. 23 (6): 7734–7754. Bibcode:2015OExpr..23.7734A. doi:10.1364/oe.23.007734. PMC 5802244. PMID 25837112.