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Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, more commonly known as Mullā Ṣadrā[1] (Persian: ملا صدرا; Arabic: صدر المتألهین; c. 1571/2 – c. 1635/40 CE / 980 – 1050 AH), was a Persian[2][3][4][5] Twelver Shi'i Islamic mystic, philosopher, theologian, and ‘Ālim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century. According to Oliver Leaman, Mulla Sadra is arguably the single most important and influential philosopher in the Muslim world in the last four hundred years.[6][7]
Though not its founder, he is considered the master of the Illuminationist (or, Ishraghi or Ishraqi) school of Philosophy, a seminal figure who synthesized the many tracts of the Islamic Golden Age philosophies into what he called the Transcendent Theosophy or al-hikmah al-muta’āliyah.
Mulla Sadra brought "a new philosophical insight in dealing with the nature of reality" and created "a major transition from essentialism to existentialism" in Islamic philosophy,[8] although his existentialism should not be too readily compared to Western existentialism. His was a question of existentialist cosmology as it pertained to God, and thus differs considerably from the individual, moral, and/or social, questions at the heart of Russian, French, German, or American Existentialism.
Mulla Sadra's philosophy ambitiously synthesized Avicennism, Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi's Illuminationist philosophy, Ibn Arabi's Sufi metaphysics, and the theology of the Sunni Ash'ari school of Kalam into the framework of Twelver Shi'ism.
His main work is The Transcendent Philosophy of the Four Journeys of the Intellect, or simply Four Journeys, In which he attempted to reach Sufism and prove the idea of Unity of Existence by offering a new intake and perspective on Peripatetic philosophy that was offered by Alpharabius and Avicenna in the Islamic world.
^Morris, James W. (1 September 2005). "Revelation, Intellectual Intuition and Reason in the Philosophy of Mulla Sadra: An Analysis of the al-Hikmah al-ʿArshiyya. By Zailan Moris (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003), 238 pp. Price PB £18.99 ISBN 0–700–71503–7". Journal of Islamic Studies. 16 (3). Oxford University Press (OUP): 360–362. doi:10.1093/jis/eti155. ISSN 1471-6917.
^"Mulla Sadra's Life and Philosophy – London Academy of Iranian Studies". 7 December 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
^"ملاصدرا کیست | زندگینامه، نظریات، اشعار و آثار". کجارو (in Persian). 14 June 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
^"British Art Studies". Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in British Art. doi:10.17658/issn.2058-5462. ISSN 2058-5462. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Bloch, Ernst (2019). Avicenna and the Aristotelian Left. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 87. ISBN 9780231175357. A reference to the work of Mulla Sadra, or Sadr ad-Din Muhammad Shirazi (ca. 1571-1640), a Persian philosopher and theologian.
^Leaman 2013, p.146.
^Mulla Sadra (Sadr al-Din Muhammad al-Shirazi) (1571/2-1640) by John Cooper
^Kamal, Muhammad (2006), Mulla Sadra's Transcendent Philosophy, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., pp. 9, 39, ISBN 0-7546-5271-8
Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, more commonly known as MullāṢadrā (Persian: ملا صدرا; Arabic: صدر المتألهین; c. 1571/2 – c. 1635/40 CE / 980 – 1050 AH)...
taught in Safavid Madrasas (Place of Study) established by pious shahs. MullaSadra (Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī) was a 17th-century Iranian philosopher...
Quran, written by MullaSadra. Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, also called MullaSadrā (Persian: ملا صدرا; also spelled Molla Sadra, Mollasadra or Sadr-ol-Mote'allehin;...
categorised as ontological, including those made by Islamic philosophers MullaSadra and Allama Tabatabai. Just as the ontological argument has been popular...
متعاليه), the doctrine and philosophy developed by Persian philosopher MullaSadra (d.1635 CE), is one of two main disciplines of Islamic philosophy that...
compendium of Islamic philosophy written by the 17th century Islamic scholar, MullaSadra, In which he attempted to reach Sufism and prove the idea of Unity of...
This argument was explained by Islamic philosophers such as Avicenna, MullaSadra and Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i. Seddiqin means the argument of the sincere...
works of Averroes and MullaSadra as a reaction to this idea and is a key foundational concept of existentialism. For MullaSadra, "existence precedes...
Sadra may refer to: Sadra, Fars, a city in Shiraz County, Fars Province, Iran MullaSadra, Iranian philosopher SADRA, Iran Marine Industrial Company Shahrak-e...
founded by Mir Damad and reached its fullest development in the work of MullaSadra. The name was coined by Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Henry Corbin. Because...
these two undisputed masters of MullaSadra's school of philosophy. He concentrated on the main works of MullaSadra, such as the Asfar and Al-Shawahed...
theosophy is the school of Islamic philosophy founded by MullaSadra in the 17th century. MullaSadra bought "a new philosophical insight in dealing with the...
partly due to Al-Ghazali's critique of philosophy. In the 17th century, MullaSadra developed a metaphysical system based on mysticism. Islamic modernism...
of both theoretical and practical truths according to human capacity. MullaSadra characterized hikmah as a means by which humans can attain a level of...
Muhammad 'Ali Shahabadi, and a variety of historic Sufi mystics, including MullaSadra and Ibn Arabi. Khomeini studied ancient Greek philosophy and was influenced...
engaged with Nizari Isma'ilism and has explored the thought of Avicenna, MullaSadra, and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi among others. In his treatment of these thinkers...
traditional Islamic sciences, and foremost figure (together with his student MullaSadra) of the cultural renaissance of Iran undertaken under the Safavid dynasty...
was founded by the Shia philosopher Mir Damad and developed further by MullaSadra and others. Lists of philosophers Islamic philosophy Early Islamic philosophy...
by both the Safavid and Mughal courts. The famous Persian philosopher MullaSadra also studied under him. Mir Fendereski remains a mysterious and enigmatic...
He produced a translation of the Torah in Persian. He studied under MullaSadra and Mir Findiriski before migrating to the Mughal Empire as a merchant...
Mulla Morad ibn Ali Khan Tafreshi (1549-1641 CE) was a Persian theologian and jurist during the Safavid period. Tafreshi was a contemporary of Mulla Sadra...
the poets Sa'di and Hafiz, the mystic Ruzbehan, and the philosopher MullaSadra. Thus Shiraz has been nicknamed "The Athens of Iran". As early as the...
Islamic philosophy, especially in the teachings of the Shia theologian MullaSadra (d. c. 1635) and his followers, such as Muhammad H. Tabatabai (d. 1981)...
2004. The Wisdom of the Throne: An Introduction to the Philosophy of MullaSadra. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1981. Review, Journal of the...
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