Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, played a pivotal role in the formative early years of Islam.[1] Later, after the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, through his numerous sayings and writings,[2] Ali helped establish a range of Islamic sciences, including Quranic exegesis, theology, jurisprudence, rhetoric (balagha), and Arabic grammar.[3] He also trained disciples who later excelled in gnostics, exegesis, theology, and jurisprudence.[2][4] Numerous traditions, attributed to Ali, elucidate the esoteric teachings of the Quran, the central religious text in Islam. As the first Shia imam, he is also regarded in Shia Islam as the interpreter, par excellence, of the Quran after the death of Muhammad. Ali is considered a reliable and prolific narrator of prophetic traditions, while his own statements and practices are further studied in Shia Islam as the continuation of prophetic teachings. Ali is also viewed as the founder of Islamic theology. Some contributions of Ali to Islamic sciences are highlighted below.
^Momen 1985, pp. 11–17.
^ abTabatabai 1975, p. 47.
^Shah-Kazemi 2014.
^Momen 1985, p. 25.
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