8 April 1302 (aged 66–67) Granada, Emirate of Granada
Issue
Muhammad III, Nasr, Fatima
House
Nasrid dynasty
Father
Muhammad I
Mother
Aisha[1]
Religion
Islam
Muhammad II (Arabic: محمد الثاني) (also known by the epithet al-Faqih, "the canon-lawyer", c. 1235 – 8 April 1302; reigned from 1273 until his death) was the second Nasrid ruler of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula, succeeding his father, Muhammad I. Already experienced in matters of state when he ascended the throne, he continued his father's policy of maintaining independence in the face of Granada's larger neighbours, the Christian kingdom of Castile and the Muslim Marinid state of Morocco, as well as an internal rebellion by his family's former allies, the Banu Ashqilula.
After he took the throne, he negotiated a treaty with Alfonso X of Castile, in which Castile agreed to end support for the Banu Ashqilula in exchange for payments. When Castile took the money but maintained its support for the Banu Ashqilula, Muhammad turned towards Abu Yusuf of the Marinids. The Marinids sent a successful expedition against Castile, but relations soured when the Marinids treated the Banu Ashqilula as Muhammad's equals. In 1279, through diplomatic manoeuvring, Muhammad regained Málaga, formerly the centre of Banu Ashqilula power. In 1280, his diplomacy backfired when Granada faced simultaneous attacks from Castile, the Marinids and the Banu Ashqilula. Attacked by his more powerful neighbours, Muhammad exploited the rift between Alfonso and his son Sancho, as well as receiving help from Volunteers of the Faith, soldiers recruited from North Africa. The threat subsided when Alfonso died in 1284 and Abu Yusuf in 1286; their successors (Sancho and Abu Yaqub, respectively) were preoccupied with domestic matters. In 1288 the Banu Ashqilula emigrated to North Africa at Abu Yaqub's invitation, removing Muhammad's biggest domestic concern. In 1292, Granada helped Castile take Tarifa from the Marinids on the understanding that the town would be traded to Granada, but Sancho reneged on the promise. Muhammad II then switched to the Marinid side, but a Granadan–Marinid attempt to retake Tarifa in 1294 failed. In 1295, Sancho died and was succeeded by Ferdinand IV, a minor. Granada took advantage by conducting a successful campaign against Castile, taking Quesada and Alcaudete. Muhammad also planned a joint offensive with Aragon against Castile, but he died in 1302 before the operation took place.
During his 25-year rule, Muhammad consolidated the state founded by his father and implemented administrative and military reforms. He instituted the Nasrid royal protocol and the court chancery, organized the Volunteers of the Faith—troops recruited from North Africa—and increased the importance of the office of the vizier in the government. He also directed the construction of a series of strongholds in strategic positions throughout his frontiers, which formed the backbone of Granadan border defences in the centuries to come. He expanded the Alhambra palace and fortress complex, and increased the emirate's trade with Christian Europe, especially with traders from Genoa and Pisa. His epithet al-Faqih reflects his high education as well as his preference for surrounding himself with scholars and poets.
^Boloix Gallardo 2017, p. 165.
and 25 Related for: Muhammad II of Granada information
Nasrid ruler of the Emirate ofGranada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula, succeeding his father, Muhammad I. Already experienced in matters of state when...
contributed some of the most famous elements of the Alhambra in Granada, including the Palace of the Lions. Muhammad V was the eldest son and heir of Yusuf I (r...
Muhammad III (Arabic: محمد الثالث; 15 August 1257 – 21 January 1314) was the ruler of the Emirate ofGranada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula from...
(Spanish rendering of the name Abu Abdallah), was the 22nd and last Nasrid ruler of the Emirate ofGranada in Iberia. Muhammad XII was the son of Abu l-Hasan...
Abu al-Hajjaj Yusuf ibn Muhammad (Arabic: أبو الحجاج يوسف بن محمد; c. 1356 – 5 October 1392) was sultan of the Emirate ofGranada, the last Muslim state...
Throne of Granada, the Sultan Muhammad X in 1447, Muhammad IX continued his policies with regards to the Crown of Castile. His predecessor (Muhammad X) had...
The Emirate ofGranada, also known as the Nasrid Kingdom ofGranada, was an Islamic realm in the southern Iberian Peninsula during the Late Middle Ages...
of Khwarezm, ruler of the Khwarezmid Empire from 1200 to 1220 MuhammadIIofGranada, second Nasrid ruler of the Emirate ofGranada in Al-Andalus on the...
Uthman declared Muhammad's uncle, Muhammad ibn Faraj, as a rival sultan and secured support from Alfonso XI of Castile (r. 1312–1350), Granada's Christian neighbour...
and Muhammad V won a string of major victories. On 13 April Muhammad VI fled Granada, allowing his rival to retake the throne. The desperate Muhammad VI...
8 April. Muhammad III ofGranada becomes ruler of the Emirate ofGranada after the death of his father MuhammadII. 31 August. The Peace of Caltabelotta...
Ismail II ibn Yusuf (أبو الوليد إسماعيل بن يوسف, 4 October 1339 – 24 June or 13 July 1360) was the ninth Nasrid ruler of the Emirate ofGranada on the...
of the Nasrid dynasty of the Emirate ofGranada. He was the third son of the reigning sultan, Ismail I, and a younger brother of the future Muhammad IV...
name Abu al-Juyush Nasr ibn Muhammad (Arabic: أبو الجيوش نصر بن محمد), was the fourth Nasrid ruler of the Emirate ofGranada from 14 March 1309 until his...
built under their reign. The dynasty founded by Muhammad I ofGranada held a territory that included Granada, Jaén, Almería, and Málaga. Valencia, Játiva...
military expedition. He is succeeded by his son MuhammadII, who becomes ruler of the Emirate ofGranada. Muhammad enters negotiations with King Alfonso X ("the...
Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand IIof Aragon, against the Nasrid dynasty's Emirate ofGranada. It ended with the defeat ofGranada and its annexation...
Granada (/ɡrəˈnɑːdə/ grə-NAH-də; Spanish: [ɡɾaˈnaða] , locally [ɡɾaˈna]) is the capital city of the province ofGranada, in the autonomous community of...
located in Granada, Andalusia, Spain. It is one of the most famous monuments of Islamic architecture and one of the best-preserved palaces of the historic...
moving Castilian force raids very close of Lucena. Emir Muhammad XII ofGranada becomes the first King ofGranada to be captured by the Christians. 1484 –...
Global Information