Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru information

Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru (Welsh for 'Movement for the Defence of Wales'; Welsh: [ˈmɨːdjad amˈðiːfɨn ˈkəmrɨ]), abbreviated as MAC, was a paramilitary Welsh nationalist organisation, which was responsible for a number of bombing incidents between 1963 and 1969. The group's activities primarily targeted infrastructure carrying water to the English city of Liverpool.

MAC was initially set up in response to the flooding of the Afon Tryweryn valley and the village of Capel Celyn to provide water for Liverpool. Its founders were Owain Williams, John Albert Jones and Emyr Llewelyn Jones. On 10 February 1963 a transformer at the dam construction site was blown up by three men, of whom one, Emyr Llywelyn Jones, was identified, convicted and sentenced to one year imprisonment. MAC blew up an electricity pylon at Gellilydan on the day of his conviction. This led to the arrest and conviction of Owain Williams and John Albert Jones.

The leadership of the organisation was later taken over by John Barnard Jenkins, a former non-commissioned officer in the British Army's Royal Army Medical Corps. Under his leadership, MAC was suspected by British police to have been behind the bombing of the Clywedog dam construction site in 1966. In 1967 a pipe carrying water from Lake Vyrnwy to Liverpool was blown up. Later the same year MAC exploded a bomb at the Temple of Peace and Health in Cardiff's civic centre, close to a venue which was to be used for a conference to discuss the Investiture of Prince Charles as Prince of Wales. In 1968 a tax office in Cardiff was blown up, followed the same year by the Welsh Office building in the same city, then another water pipe at Helsby, Cheshire. In April 1969 a tax office in Chester was the next target. On 30 June 1969, the evening before the investiture, two members of MAC, Alwyn Jones and George Taylor, were killed when a bomb they had been placing near government offices exploded prematurely. On the day of the investiture, two other bombs were planted in Caernarfon, one in the local police constable's garden which exploded as the 21 gun salute was fired. Another was planted in an iron forge near the castle. It failed to go off when intended. It then lay undiscovered for several days before seriously injuring a 10-year-old boy who discovered the device.^[1] The final bomb was placed on Llandudno Pier and was designed to stop the Royal Yacht Britannia from docking - this too failed to explode. In November 1969 John Jenkins was arrested, and in April 1970 was convicted of eight offences involving explosives and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. In an interview shown on the BBC2 4 July 2009, John Jenkins repeated his intention that the bombs were never planted or timed to hurt people but just to disrupt the ceremony. Although there were further bombings, there is no evidence that MAC were involved.

^ Thomas, Wyn (2010). Wales and Militancy 1952-1979. Swansea University. p. 332.

[1] Thomas, Wyn (2010). Wales and Militancy 1952-1979. Swansea University. p. 332.

Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru information

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Welsh nationalism and republicanism
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Nationalism National identity Independence polling proposed referendum Devolution Nationalism Republicanism Irredentism Other movements Anti-British sentiment
Organisations AUOB Cymru Cymdeithas yr Iaith Free Wales Army Gwlad Labour for an Independent Wales Meibion Glyndŵr Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru Plaid Cymru Propel Welsh Football Fans for Independence YesCymru
History English rule in Wales Welsh rebellions against English rule Owain Glyndŵr Glyndŵr rebellion Cymru Fydd History of Plaid Cymru Covenant Society of the Free Welsh Tryweryn flooding Capel Celyn Cofiwch Dryweryn Penyberth RAF Penrhos Epynt clearance
Devolution Referendums 1979 1997 2011 Yes for Wales Proposed further devolution Proposed Welsh justice system Commission on Justice in Wales Proposed full fiscal powers
Politics In parliament Plaid Cymru politicians Plaid Ifanc Others Green Party Gwlad Propel Cymru Goch Forward Wales Plaid Glyndŵr Welsh Republican Movement Welsh Socialist Republican Movement Clear red water (of Welsh Labour)
Independence All Under One Banner Cymru Proposed referendum Opinion polling Welsh Football Fans for Independence Labour for an Independent Wales (within Welsh Labour) YesCymru Independent Nation: Should Wales Leave the UK?
Cultural The Bards of Wales Cymuned Welsh language activism Treachery of the Blue Books Welsh Not Welsh Language Society Welsh standard names Renames in Snowdonia Anti-English sentiment, and discrimination towards the Welsh National symbols of Wales flags
Militant Free Wales Army Meibion Glyndŵr Operation Tân Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru 1969 Abergele bombing 1986 Cardiff Temple of Peace bombing
Republicanism Opposition to the Prince of Wales title Opposition to Prince of Wales investiture Opposition to the 1996 investiture
Figures Plaid Cymru politicians Julian Cayo-Evans Charlotte Church Dennis Coslett Rhiannon Davies Jones Ithel Davies Dorothy Edwards (Welsh novelist) Henry William John Edwards Hywel Teifi Edwards Evan Vincent Evans Eirwen Gwynn Emrys ap Iwan Carwyn James John Barnard Jenkins Julian Lewis Jones Michael D. Jones William Jones Saunders Lewis Emyr Llywelyn Laura McAllister J. E. Meredith Jan Morris John Osmond Arthur Owens Anne Penny William Price Michael Sheen R. S. Thomas Arthur Owen Vaughan Alice Matilda Langland Williams Gwyn A. Williams Orig Williams Rhydwen Williams T. Marchant Williams
Opposition Opposition to independence British nationalism
Category History Philosophy Politics Wales
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