Biological kingdom that contains unicellular organisms with a prokaryotic cell organization
"Monora" redirects here. For the Romanian village of Mănărade, called Monora in Hungarian, see Blaj.
Monera
Scanning electron micrograph of Escherichia coli rods
Scientific classification
Groups included
Bacteria and Archaea
Cladistically included but traditionally excluded taxa
Domain Eukaryota
Monera (/məˈnɪərə/) (Greek: μονήρης (monḗrēs), "single", "solitary") is historically a biological kingdom that is made up of prokaryotes. As such, it is composed of single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus. It has been superseded by the Four-kingdom system.
The taxon Monera was first proposed as a phylum by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. Subsequently, the phylum was elevated to the rank of kingdom in 1925 by Édouard Chatton. The last commonly accepted mega-classification with the taxon Monera was the five-kingdom classification system was established by Robert Whittaker in 1969.
Under the three-domain system of taxonomy, introduced by Carl Woese in 1977, which reflects the evolutionary history of life, the organisms found in kingdom Monera have been divided into two domains, Archaea and Bacteria (with Eukarya as the third domain). Furthermore, the taxon Monera is paraphyletic (does not include all descendants of their most recent common ancestor), as Archaea and Eukarya are currently believed to be more closely related than either is to Bacteria. The term "moneran" is the informal name of members of this group and is still sometimes used (as is the term "prokaryote") to denote a member of either domain.[1]
Most bacteria were classified under Monera; however, some Cyanobacteria (often called the blue-green algae) were initially classified under Plantae due to their ability to photosynthesize.
Monera (/məˈnɪərə/) (Greek: μονήρης (monḗrēs), "single", "solitary") is historically a biological kingdom that is made up of prokaryotes. As such, it is...
the Monera kingdom and the Protista kingdom. In 1966, he included bacteria and one of the most primitive algae, called blue green algae, under Monera kingdom...
Saskatchewan. Aethes moneramonera Aethes monera septentrionalis Razowski, 1997 (Canada) Wikispecies has information related to Aethes monera. Tortricidae.com...
France's Overseas Frontier, Cambridge University Press, 1992. Frédéric Monera, L'idée de République et la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel, Paris:...
kingdom Protista; later, the prokaryotes were split off in the kingdom Monera, which would eventually be divided into two separate groups, the Bacteria...
mineral cycles, and organic turnover. The monera differs from the four other kingdoms as "members of the Monera have a prokaryotic cytology in which the...
that later gave its name to the members of the Monera, formerly referred to as "a moneron" (plural "monera") in English and "eine Moneren"(fem. pl. "Moneres")...
(France) Special member state territories and the European Union Frédéric Monera, L'idée de République et la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel - Paris :...
of which more than 10,000 were insects), fungi (more than 627 species), monera (319 species), plants (2426 species), protozoans (371 species). For some...
Richmond Mine acidophilic nanoorganisms (ARMAN) List of Archaea genera Monera Woese CR, Kandler O, Wheelis ML (June 1990). "Towards a natural system of...
Non-Monarchical Republic", Political Theory 38.4 (August 2010), 452–82. Frédéric Monera, L'idée de République et la jurisprudence du Conseil constitutionnel – Paris:...
algae/Cyanobacteria) formed the phylum Schizophyta, then in the phylum Monera in the kingdom Protista by Haeckel in 1866, comprising Protogens, Protamaeba...
photomorphogenesis is derived from plants studies involving several kingdoms: Fungi, Monera, Protista, and Plantae. Theophrastus of Eresus (371 to 287 BC) may have...
(at that time Ernst Haeckel's classification of bacteria in the kingdom Monera was in place). Bacterium coli was the type species of the now invalid genus...
Unofficial 2021 Temple of Constraints Shipwreck Kelsey Faery Casey Sphinx Monera Mason The Temple of Constraints was inspired by family members, friends...
Since then, various life forms have been moved into three new kingdoms: Monera, for prokaryotes (i.e., bacteria); Protista, for protozoans and most algae;...
"first established beings") did not. Under his four-kingdom classification (Monera, Protoctista, Plantae, Animalia), the protists and bacteria were finally...
history of microbiology to refer to microorganisms and germs, e.g., kingdom Monera. The species name aeruginosa is a Latin word meaning verdigris ("copper...
LENGUA VIVA - INFORME 2019" (PDF). Maria Grau Perejoan, María Pilar Gea Monera. el ESPAÑOL EN TRINIDAD Y TOBAGO. cervantes.es Secretariat for the Implementation...
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