This article is about polymer chemistry. The term "molecular imprinting" is also used to mean genetic imprinting.
Molecular imprinting is a technique to create template-shaped cavities in polymer matrices with predetermined selectivity and high affinity.[1] This technique is based on the system used by enzymes for substrate recognition, which is called the "lock and key" model. The active binding site of an enzyme has a shape specific to a substrate. Substrates with a complementary shape to the binding site selectively bind to the enzyme; alternative shapes that do not fit the binding site are not recognized.
Molecularly imprinted materials are prepared using a template molecule and functional monomers that assemble around the template and subsequently get cross-linked to each other. The monomers, which are self-assembled around the template molecule by interaction between functional groups on both the template and monomers, are polymerized to form an imprinted matrix (commonly known in the scientific community as a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP)). The template is subsequently removed in part or entirely,[1] leaving behind a cavity complementary in size and shape to the template. The obtained cavity can work as a selective binding site for the templated molecule.
Preparation of molecularly imprinted material
In recent decades, the molecular imprinting technique has been developed for use in drug delivery, separations, biological and chemical sensing, and more. Taking advantage of the shape selectivity of the cavity, use in catalysis for certain reactions has also been facilitated.
^ abAlexander, Cameron; Andersson, Håkan S.; Andersson, Lars I.; Ansell, Richard J.; Kirsch, Nicole; Nicholls, Ian A.; O'Mahony, John; Whitcombe, Michael J. (2006). "Molecular imprinting science and technology: A survey of the literature for the years up to and including 2003". Journal of Molecular Recognition. 19 (2): 106–180. doi:10.1002/jmr.760. PMID 16395662. S2CID 37702488.
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