Global InformationMohammad Mosaddegh information
Mohammad Mosaddegh | |
|---|---|
محمد مصدق | |
 | |
| 30th Prime Minister of Iran | |
| In office 21 July 1952 – 19 August 1953 | |
| Monarch | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi |
| Preceded by | Ahmad Qavam |
| Succeeded by | Fazlollah Zahedi |
| In office 28 April 1951 – 16 July 1952 | |
| Monarch | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi |
| Preceded by | Hossein Ala' |
| Succeeded by | Ahmad Qavam |
| Minister of National Defence | |
| In office 21 July 1952 – 19 August 1953 | |
| Monarch | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi |
| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Mostafa Yazdanpanah |
| Succeeded by | Abdollah Hedayat |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
| In office 30 May 1923 – 23 September 1923 | |
| Monarch | Ahmad Shah Qajar |
| Prime Minister | Hassan Pirnia |
| Preceded by | Mohammad-Ali Foroughi |
| Succeeded by | Mohammad-Ali Foroughi |
| In office 30 September 1921 – 8 October 1921 | |
| Monarch | Ahmad Shah Qajar |
| Prime Minister | Ahmad Qavam |
| Preceded by | Hassan Esfandiari |
| Succeeded by | Assadollah Ghadimi |
| Vali of Azerbaijan Province | |
| In office 17 February 1922 – 12 July 1922 | |
| Monarch | Ahmad Shah Qajar |
| Prime Minister | Hassan Pirnia |
| Succeeded by | Amanullah Jahanbani |
| Minister of Finance | |
| In office 21 November 1921 – 7 January 1922 | |
| Monarch | Ahmad Shah Qajar |
| Prime Minister | Ahmad Qavam |
| Vali of Fars Province | |
| In office 11 October 1920 – 22 March 1921 | |
| Monarch | Ahmad Shah Qajar |
| Prime Minister | Hassan Pirnia |
| Member of the Parliament of Iran | |
| In office 25 April 1950 – 27 April 1951 | |
| Constituency | Tehran |
| Majority | 30,738 (ranked 1st) |
| In office 7 March 1944 – 12 March 1946 | |
| Constituency | Tehran |
| Majority | Ranked 1st |
| In office 11 July 1926 – 13 August 1928 | |
| Constituency | Tehran |
| In office 11 February 1924 – 11 February 1926 | |
| Constituency | Tehran |
| Majority | Ranked 3rd |
| In office Unable to assume office in 1906 | |
| Constituency | Isfahan Hasnain |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Mirza Mohammad-Khan Mossadegh-ol-Saltaneh 16 June 1882 Ahmedabad, Tehran, Sublime State of Persia |
| Died | 5 March 1967 (aged 84) Najmieh Hospital, Tehran, Imperial State of Iran |
| Resting place | Ahmadabad-e Mosaddeq Castle |
| Political party |
|
| Spouse |
Zahra Khanum
(m. 1901; died 1965) |
| Children | 5 |
| Parents |
|
| Relatives | Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma (uncle) Abbas Mirza (great-grandfather) |
| Alma mater | University of Neuchâtel |
| Signature |  |
Mohammad Mosaddegh[a] (Persian: محمد مصدق, IPA: [mohæmˈmæd(-e) mosædˈdeɢ] ⓘ;[b] 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 30th Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953, elected by the 16th Majlis.[4][5] He was a member of the Iranian parliament from 1923, and served through a contentious 1952 election into the 17th Iranian Majlis,[6] until his government was overthrown in the 1953 Iranian coup d'état aided by the intelligence agencies of the United Kingdom (MI6) and the United States (CIA), led by Kermit Roosevelt Jr.[7][8] His National Front was suppressed from the 1954 election.[9]
Before its removal from power, his administration introduced a range of social and political measures such as social security, land reforms and higher taxes including the introduction of taxation on the rent of land. His government's most significant policy was the nationalisation of the Iranian oil industry, which had been built by the British on Persian lands since 1913 through the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC/AIOC), later known as British Petroleum (BP).[10]
In the aftermath of the overthrow, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi returned to power, and negotiated the Consortium Agreement of 1954 with the British, which gave split ownership of Iranian oil production between Iran and western companies until 1979.[11] Mosaddegh was imprisoned for three years, then put under house arrest until his death and was buried in his own home so as to prevent a political furore.[12][13] In 2013, the US government formally acknowledged its role in the coup as being a part of its foreign policy initiatives, including paying protestors and bribing officials.[14]
- ^ Matini, Jalal (2009). نگاهی به کارنامه سیاسی دکتر محمد مصدق [A Glance at the Political Career of Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq] (in Persian). Los Angeles, CA: Ketab Co. p. 25. ISBN 978-1595842268.
- ^ Bani-Jamali, Ahmad (2008). آشوب: مطالعهای در زندگی و شخصیت دکتر محمد مصدق [Chaos: A Study on Life and Character of Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq] (in Persian). Tehran: Ney. pp. 146–155. ISBN 978-9643129705.
- ^ Houchang E. Chehabi (1990). Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini. I.B.Tauris. p. 113. ISBN 978-1850431985.
- ^ McQuade, Joseph (27 July 2017). "How the CIA toppled Iranian democracy". The Conversation. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
- ^ Gasiorowski, Roham Alvandi, Mark J. "The United States Overthrew Iran's Last Democratic Leader". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Cite error: The named reference
evolvingwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ James Risen (2000). "The C.I.A. in Iran: First Few Days Look Disastrous". The New York Times.
- ^ Kinzer 2003.
- ^ Gasiorowski, Mark (1991). U.S. Foreign Policy and the Shah: Building a Client State in Iran. Cornell University Press. p. 166. ISBN 0-8014-2412-7.
- ^ Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power (ISBN 9781439110126).
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
1953coupwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "CIA Confirms Role in 1953 Iran Coup". nsarchive2.gwu.edu. The National Security Archive. 19 August 2013. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
- ^ Saeed Kamali Dehghan; Richard Norton-Taylor (19 August 2013). "CIA admits role in 1953 Iranian coup". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
- ^ "In declassified document, CIA acknowledges role in '53 Iran coup". CNN. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).