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Federal assembly-independent[2][3] directorial republic with elements of a direct democracy
• Federal Council
First:
Jonas Furrer (President)
Ulrich Ochsenbein
Jonas Furrer
Martin J. Munzinger
Henri Druey
Friedrich Frey-Herosé
Wilhelm Matthias Naeff
Stefano Franscini
Current:
Viola Amherd (President)
Karin Keller-Sutter (Vice President)
Guy Parmelin
Ignazio Cassis
Albert Rösti
Élisabeth Baume-Schneider
Beat Jans
• Federal Chancellor
Johann Ulrich Schiess (first) Viktor Rossi (currently)
Legislature
Federal Assembly
Historical era
Modern era
• Creation of the Swiss Federal Constitution
12 September 1848
• Neutrality during the World Wars
1914–1918; 1939–1945
• Dissolution of the 1848 constitution
1 January 2000
• COVID-19 pandemic
25 February 2020
Area
• Total
41,285 km2 (15,940 sq mi) (132nd)
• Water (%)
4.34%
Population
• Estimate
8,902,308[4]
• 2002
1.28 billion
Currency
Swiss franc (franc) (CHF)
Time zone
UTC+1 (Central European Time)
Date format
dd.mm.yyyy (AD)
Driving side
right
Calling code
+41
ISO 3166 code
CH
Internet TLD
.ch
.swiss
Preceded by
Restoration and Regeneration in Switzerland
Part of a series on the
History of Switzerland
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Prehistory
Roman era (200 BC – AD 400)
Alemannia · Burgundy (400–900)
Swabia · Burgundy (900–1300)
Old Swiss Confederacy
Growth (1291–1516)
Reformation (1516–1648)
Ancien Régime (1648–1798)
Transitional period
Napoleonic era (1798–1814)
Restoration (1814–1830)
Regeneration (1830–1847)
Modern history
Federal state (1848)
World Wars (1914–1945)
Timeline
Topical
Immigration
Swiss Jews
LGBT history
Military history
Territorial development
Historiography
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This article deals with the history of Switzerland since 1848.
See Early Modern Switzerland for the Early Modern period, Switzerland in the Napoleonic era for the period of 1798–1814, and Restoration and Regeneration (Switzerland) for the period of 1815–1848.
^Holenstein, André (2012). "Die Hauptstadt existiert nicht". UniPress – Forschung und Wissenschaft an der Universität Bern (scientific article) (in German). 152 (Sonderfall Hauptstatdtregion). Berne: Department Communication, University of Berne: 16–19. doi:10.7892/boris.41280. S2CID 178237847. Als 1848 ein politisch-administratives Zentrum für den neuen Bundesstaat zu bestimmen war, verzichteten die Verfassungsväter darauf, eine Hauptstadt der Schweiz zu bezeichnen und formulierten stattdessen in Artikel 108: "Alles, was sich auf den Sitz der Bundesbehörden bezieht, ist Gegenstand der Bundesgesetzgebung." Die Bundesstadt ist also nicht mehr und nicht weniger als der Sitz der Bundesbehörden. [In 1848, when a political and administrative centre was being determined for the new federation, the founders of the constitution abstained from designating a capital city for Switzerland and instead formulated in Article 108: "Everything, which relates to seat of the authorities, is the subject of the federal legislation." The federal city is therefore no more and no less than the seat of the federal authorities.]
^Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005). "Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns". French Politics. 3 (3): 323–351. doi:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087. S2CID 73642272.
^Elgie, Robert (2016). "Government Systems, Party Politics, and Institutional Engineering in the Round". Insight Turkey. 18 (4): 79–92. ISSN 1302-177X. JSTOR 26300453.
^"Bevölkerungsstand am Ende des 2. Quartals 2023 | Bundesamt für Statistik". 20 September 2023. Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
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