Surname of Japanese imperial family members demoted into ranks of nobility
Minamoto 源氏
The emblem (mon) of the Minamoto clan (three Japanese gentian flowers on five bamboo leaves)
Home province
Heian-kyō (Modern Kyōto)
Parent house
Imperial House of Japan (Emperor Saga)
Titles
Shogun, Daimyō, Kuge, Daijō-daijin, Sadaijin, Udaijin, Kazoku, and others
Founder
Minamoto no Makoto (first recorded)
Founding year
May 814 (1210 years ago)
Ruled until
still extant
Cadet branches
Saga Genji
Ninmyō Genji
Montoku Genji
Seiwa Genji
Yōzei Genji
Kōkō Genji
Uda Genji
Daigo Genji
Murakami Genji
Reizei Genji
Kazan Genji
Sanjō Genji
Go-Sanjō Genji
Go-Shirakawa Genji
Juntoku Genji
Go-Saga Genji
Go-Fusakusa Genji
Ōgimachi Genji
Minamoto (源) was a noble surname bestowed by the Emperors of Japan upon members of the imperial family who were excluded from the line of succession and demoted into the ranks of the nobility since 814.[1][2][3] Several noble lines were bestowed the surname, the most notable of which was the Seiwa Genji, whose descendants established the Kamakura and Ashikaga shogunates following the Heian era. The Minamoto was one of the four great clans that dominated Japanese politics during the Heian period in Japanese history—the other three were the Fujiwara, the Taira, and the Tachibana.[4][5]
In the late Heian period, Minamoto rivalry with the Taira culminated in the Genpei War (1180-1185 AD). The Minamoto emerged victorious and established Japan's first shogunate in Kamakura under Minamoto no Yoritomo, who appointed himself as Shōgun in 1192, ushering in the Kamakura period (1192–1333 AD) of Japanese history. The name "Genpei" comes from alternate readings of the kanji "Minamoto" (源 Gen) and "Taira" (平 Hei).
The Kamakura Shogunate was overthrown by Emperor Go-Daigo in the Kenmu Restoration of 1333. Three years later the Kenmu government would then itself be overthrown by the Ashikaga clan, descendants of the Seiwa Genji who established the Ashikaga shogunate (1333 to 1573).
The Minamoto clan is also called the Genji (源氏, "Minamoto clan"), or less frequently, the Genke (源家, "House of Minamoto"), using the On'yomi readings of gen (源) for "Minamoto", while shi or ji (氏) means "clan", and ke (家) is used as a suffix for "extended family".[6]
^"...the Minamoto (1192-1333)" Warrior Rule in Japan, page 11. Cambridge University Press.
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^井上, 辰雄 (2011). 嵯峨天皇と文人官僚 (in Japanese). Japan: 塙書房. pp. 305–306. ISBN 9784827312409.
^Gibney, Frank (1984). Britannica International Encyclopedia. TBS-Britannica. Shisei: "Genji". OCLC 47462068.
^Frédéric, Louis (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 439–452. ISBN 9780674017535.
^Lebra, Takie Sugiyama (1995). Above the Clouds: Status Culture of the Modern Japanese Nobility. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520076020.
Kamakura and Ashikaga shogunates following the Heian era. The Minamoto was one of the four great clans that dominated Japanese politics during the Heian period...
of the Minamotoclan (Seiwa Genji) through the Matsudaira clan. The early history of the clan remains a mystery. Nominally, the Matsudaira clan is said...
17th century. Yoritomo was the third son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, heir of the Minamoto (Seiwa Genji) clan, and his official wife, Yura-Gozen, daughter...
Fujiwara clan along with his brother Yorinobu, taking the violent measures the Fujiwara were themselves unable to take. He is one of the earliest Minamoto of...
Minamoto no Yoshitsune (源 義経, c. 1159 – June 15, 1189) was a commander of the Minamotoclan of Japan in the late Heian and early Kamakura periods. During...
Genpei-Gassen, 1180–1185) was a national civil war between the Taira and Minamotoclans during the late Heian period of Japan. It resulted in the downfall of...
members of the Minamotoclan until 1226, the Fujiwara clan until 1252, and the last six were minor princes of the imperial family. The Hōjō clan were the de...
four most important clans that dominated Japanese politics during the Heian period of Japanese history – the others being the Minamoto, the Fujiwara, and...
Minamoto no Yoshitomo (源 義朝) (1123 – 11 February 1160) was the head of the Minamotoclan and a general of the late Heian period of Japanese history. His...
Genji by way of the Kawachi Genji. It was a branch of the Minamotoclan by the Ashikaga clan. Ashikaga Kuniuji, grandson of Ashikaga Yoshiuji, established...
Sadazumi Minamoto no Tsunemoto Minamoto no Mitsunaka Minamoto no Yorinobu Minamoto no Yoriyoshi Minamoto no Yoshiie Minamoto no Yoshikuni Minamoto no Yoshiyasu...
and are a branch of the Minamotoclan (Seiwa Genji), by Minamoto no Yoshimitsu (1056–1127), son of the Chinjufu-shōgun Minamoto no Yoriyoshi (988-1075)...
the Nitta, Minamoto no Yoshishige (1135 – 1202), was the elder brother of Minamoto no Yoshiyasu, the common ancestor of the Ashikaga clan. Yoshishige...
member of the Minamotoclan, shogun Minamoto no Yoritomo was his cousin and rival during the Genpei War between the Minamoto and the Taira clans. In The Tale...
The Asano clan (淺野氏, Asano-shi) was a Japanese samurai clan that descended from the Minamotoclan, and the Emperor Seiwa (850-881), the 56th Emperor of...
the Minamotoclan, deriving originally from the town of Ashikaga in Shimotsuke Province (modern-day Tochigi Prefecture). For about a century, the clan was...
The Toki clan (土岐氏, Toki-shi) is a Japanese kin group. The Toki claim descent from Minamoto no Yorimitsu and the Seiwa Genji. As governors of Mino Province...
Miyoshi clan (三好氏, Miyoshi-shi) is a Japanese family descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and the Minamotoclan (Seiwa-Genji). They were a cadet branch...
descendants of the Ashikaga clan, who were in turn descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and the Seiwa Genji branch of the Minamotoclan. The first family being...
the Ashikaga clan, descended from the Minamotoclan (shogun of the Ashikaga shogunate), and the Oda clan, descended from the Taira clan, were destined...
imperial house" (皇室) if necessary. Gempeitōkitsu (源平藤橘), 4 noble clans of Japan: Minamotoclan (源氏) – also known as Genji (源氏) or Genke (源家); 21 cadet branches...
Minamoto no Yoriie (Japanese: 源 頼家, September 11, 1182 – August 14, 1204) was the second shōgun (1202–1203) of Japan's Kamakura shogunate, and the first...
the name Minamoto. Initially an honorary name given to a number of unrelated courtiers by a number of different emperors, the Minamotoclan would grow...
Sasaki clan (佐々木氏, Sasaki-shi) are a historical Japanese clan. They are descended directly from Emperor Uda (868–897) by his grandson Minamoto no Masazane...
parts of the clan who were loyal to Sutoku (especially Minamoto no Tameyoshi). In late 1159, Taira no Kiyomori, head of the Taira clan, left Kyōto with...