Middle Burmese was a form of the Burmese language spoken from the 16th century to the 18th century. Its beginning roughly corresponds with the rise of the Taungoo Dynasty and its transition to Modern Burmese with the beginning of the Konbaung Dynasty. Its transition to Modern Burmese occurred in the 18th century.[1] Middle Burmese is characterized by stabilization of Burmese orthography and steady evolution of the Burmese phonology, which accelerated during the transition from Middle Burmese to Modern Burmese.[2]
The transition from Old Burmese to Middle Burmese included phonological changes (e.g., mergers of sound pairs that were distinct in Old Burmese) as well as accompanying changes in the underlying orthography.[1]
The transition between Middle Burmese and Modern Burmese was dominated by substantial changes in pronunciation, more so than that between Old Burmese and Middle Burmese.[2] However, many features of Middle Burmese have been preserved in the literary tradition (high register) of written Modern Burmese, including grammatical markers and lexical particles.[2] Word order, grammatical structure and vocabulary have remained markedly comparable, well into Modern Burmese, with the exception of lexical content (e.g., function words).[1][3]
^ abcHerbert, Patricia; Anthony Crothers Milner (1989). South-East Asia: Languages and Literatures: a Select Guide. University of Hawaii Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780824812676.
^ abcWheatley, Julian K. "43. Burmese". In Bernard Comrie (ed.). The World's Major Languages. Routledge. pp. 724–739. ISBN 9780203301524.
^LaPolla, Randy J.; Graham Thurgood (2013). Sino-Tibetan Languages. Routledge. ISBN 9781135797171.
MiddleBurmese was a form of the Burmese language spoken from the 16th century to the 18th century. Its beginning roughly corresponds with the rise of...
contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. Burmese (Burmese: မြန်မာဘာသာ;...
contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. The Burmese alphabet...
the Burmese language, as attested in the stone inscriptions of Pagan, and is the oldest phase of Burmese linguistic history. The transition to Middle Burmese...
established middle class ethnic group and are well represented in all upper levels of Burmese society. Burmese Chinese also play a leading role in Burma's business...
contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. Myanmar, officially...
contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. Burmese names (Burmese:...
rendering support to display the Burmese script in this article correctly. The country known in English as Burma, or Myanmar, has undergone changes in both...
minority language schools began to fail. Burmese also replaced English as the medium of instruction at Burmese universities in 1965, with the passing of...
Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma, 1974 မြန်မာ့ စွယ်စုံကျမ်း [Burmese Encyclopedia] (in Burmese). Vol. 14. Rangoon: Burma Translation Society. pp. 293–294...
contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. Burmese Indians...
Rohingya, Malay, Burmese Chinese and Burmese Indian), and Hinduism (0.5%, particularly by Burmese Indians). Nat worship is common in Myanmar. Nats are named...
The music of Myanmar (or Burma) (Burmese: မြန်မာ့ဂီတ) shares many similarities with other musical styles in the region. Traditional music is melodic,...
industries by private sector. The 1962 Burmese coup d'état was followed by an economic scheme called the Burmese Way to Socialism, a plan to nationalise...
Burmese calendar (Burmese: မြန်မာသက္ကရာဇ်, pronounced [mjəmà θɛʔkəɹɪʔ], or ကောဇာသက္ကရာဇ်, [kɔ́zà θɛʔkəɹɪʔ]; Burmese Era (BE) or Myanmar Era (ME)) is a lunisolar...
Burmese Days is the first novel by English writer George Orwell, published in 1934. Set in British Burma during the waning days of empire, when Burma...
while the "Far East" centered on China, and the Middle East then meant the area from Mesopotamia to Burma, namely the area between the Near East and the...
The most widely recognized Burmese national costume is the longyi, which is worn by both males and females nationwide. Burmese clothing also features great...
the worst massacres in Burma during World War II would be perpetrated not by the Japanese but by Burmese gangs linked to the Burma Independence Army. The...
article contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. The phonology...
Burmese Americans (Burmese: မြန်မာဇာတိနွယ် အမေရိကန် [mjəmà nwɛ̀bwá ʔəmèjḭkàɰ̃]) are Americans of full or partial Burmese ancestry, encompassing individuals...
dynasty (Burmese: ကုန်းဘောင်မင်းဆက်), also known as the Third Burmese Empire (တတိယမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်), was the last dynasty that ruled Burma/Myanmar from 1752...
The history of Myanmar (also known as Burma; Burmese: မြန်မာ့သမိုင်း) covers the period from the time of first-known human settlements 13,000 years ago...
Burmese Muslims are the descendants of Muslim peoples who settled and intermarried with the local Burmese ethnic groups. Muslims arrived in Burma as...
Burmese tofu (Burmese: တိုဖူး, pronounced [tòpʰú]; or Burmese: တိုဟူး, pronounced [tòhú]) is a food of Shan origin and of Chinese from Yunnan Province...
contains Burmese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Burmese script. Buddhism (Burmese: ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ)...
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