Example of an EEG alpha waveExample of an EEG theta wave
A microsleep is a sudden temporary episode of sleep or drowsiness which may last for a few seconds where an individual fails to respond to some arbitrary sensory input and becomes unconscious.[1][2] Episodes of microsleep occur when an individual loses and regains awareness after a brief lapse in consciousness, often without warning, or when there are sudden shifts between states of wakefulness and sleep. In behavioural terms, MSs may manifest as droopy eyes, slow eyelid-closure, and head nodding.[2] In electrical terms, microsleeps are often classified as a shift in electroencephalography (EEG) during which 4–7 Hz (theta wave) activity replaces the waking 8–13 Hz (alpha wave) background rhythm.[3]
MSs frequently occur as a result of sleep deprivation. However, healthy individuals who are not sleep-deprived or tired can also experience MSs during monotonous tasks.[4][5][6][7][8] Some experts define microsleep according to behavioral criteria (head nods, drooping eyelids, etc.), while others rely on EEG markers.[9] Since there are many ways to detect MSs in a variety of contexts there is little agreement on how best to identify and classify microsleep episodes.
Microsleep is extremely dangerous when it occurs in situations that demand constant alertness, such as driving a motor vehicle or working with heavy machinery. People who experience microsleeps often remain unaware of them, instead believing themselves to have been awake the whole time, or to have temporarily lost focus.[10]
^International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Diagnostic and Coding Manual(PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2011-07-26., page 343
^ abPoudel, G. R., Innes, C. R., Bones, P. J., Watts, R., & Jones, R. D. (2012) Losing the struggle to stay awake: Divergent thalamic and cortical activity during microsleeps. Human Brain Mapping: 00:000-000
^Paul, Amit; Linda Ng Boyle; Jon Tippin; Matthew Rizzo (2005). "Variability of driving performance during microsleeps" (PDF). Proceedings of the Third International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-10-09. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
^Poudel, GR; Innes, CR; Bones, PJ; Watts, R; Jones, RD (January 2014). "Losing the struggle to stay awake: divergent thalamic and cortical activity during microsleeps". Human Brain Mapping. 35 (1): 257–69. doi:10.1002/hbm.22178. PMC 6869765. PMID 23008180.
^Moller, Henry J.; Kayumov, Leonid; Bulmash, Eric L.; Nhan, Jonathan; Shapiro, Colin M. (September 2006). "Simulator performance, microsleep episodes, and subjective sleepiness: normative data using convergent methodologies to assess driver drowsiness". Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 61 (3): 335–342. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.04.007. PMID 16938511.
^Peiris, Malik T. R.; Jones, Richard D.; Davidson, Paul R.; Carroll, Grant J.; Bones, Philip J. (September 2006). "Frequent lapses of responsiveness during an extended visuomotor tracking task in non-sleep-deprived subjects". Journal of Sleep Research. 15 (3): 291–300. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2006.00545.x. PMID 16911031. S2CID 4667760.
^Innes, Carrie; R Poudel, Govinda; Signal, T.; Jones, Richard (2010). "Behavioural microsleeps in normally-rested people". 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology. Vol. 2010. pp. 4448–51. doi:10.1109/IEMBS.2010.5625953. ISBN 978-1-4244-4123-5. PMID 21095768. S2CID 12213583.
^Chou, Y. H., Chuang, C. C., Zao, J. K., Ko, L. W., & Lin, C. T. (2011, August). An fMRI study of abrupt-awake episodes during behavioral microsleeps. In Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBC, 2011 Annual International Conference of the IEEE (pp. 5060-5063). IEEE.
^Poudel, G.R.; Innes, C. R. H.; Bones, P.J.; Watts, R.; Jones, R. D. (2014). "Losing the struggle to stay awake: divergent thalamic and cortical activity during microsleeps" (PDF). Human Brain Mapping. 35 (1): 257–269. doi:10.1002/hbm.22178. PMC 6869765. PMID 23008180. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-31. Retrieved 2013-03-20.
^Higgins, Laura; Fette Bernie. "Drowsy Driving" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-20. Retrieved 2013-06-12.
A microsleep is a sudden temporary episode of sleep or drowsiness which may last for a few seconds where an individual fails to respond to some arbitrary...
deliriant drugs. Effects experienced with the use of oneirogens may include microsleep, hypnagogia, fugue states, rapid eye movement sleep (REM), hypnic jerks...
insomnia or specific issues caused by surgery); it appears that brief microsleeps cannot be avoided. Long-term total sleep deprivation has caused death...
most aggressive and ill-tempered species of penguin. Chinstrap penguins microsleep over 10,000 times a day and accomplish this in 4 second bouts of sleep...
been applied. The train guard's solicitor stated that the guard was in a microsleep for as much as 30 seconds, just prior to the accident. The human-factors...
the tram had lost awareness before the crash, possibly as a result of microsleep. It also criticised the lack of signage in advance of the sudden change...
Story Biphasic and polyphasic sleep Chronotype Comfort object Dream diary Microsleep Nap Nightwear Power nap Second wind Siesta Sleep and breathing Sleep and...
For instance, a person who is sufficiently somnolent may experience microsleep. However, objective cognitive testing can be used to differentiate the...
levels of vigilance as shown by the virtual absence of EEG microsleeps." EEG microsleeps are measurable and usually unnoticeable bursts of sleep in the...
Story Biphasic and polyphasic sleep Chronotype Comfort object Dream diary Microsleep Nap Nightwear Power nap Second wind Siesta Sleep and breathing Sleep and...
hypnagogic state, in addition to a lowered rate of frontalis muscle activity. Microsleep (short episodes of immediate sleep onset) may intrude into wakefulness...
period unless the participant is carefully observed to detect short microsleeps, which the participant might not even notice. Also, records for voluntary...
to be the cause of the accident, with suspicions that the driver had a microsleep episode approaching the bend. Later, the driver was found not guilty and...
Story Biphasic and polyphasic sleep Chronotype Comfort object Dream diary Microsleep Nap Nightwear Power nap Second wind Siesta Sleep and breathing Sleep and...
sleep. Certain sleep stages are noted to improve an individual's memory. Microsleep – an episode of sleep lasting from fraction of a second to thirty seconds...
reaction time and vigilance. Very brief moments of inattention called microsleep events could be an indicator for daytime vigilance impairment, although...
attack or stroke Chronic medical condition, such as sleep apnea causing microsleep Driver deviation from standard operating procedures False assumptions...
physiological measures found that microsleeps recorded by the EEGs increased progressively with flight duty. Microsleeps are recordings of alpha wave activity...
for very brief amounts of time without any immediate trigger. Unlike microsleep, however, these brief periods of local sleep occur while the animal is...
Useful Biological Numbers. Closures in excess of 1000 ms were defined as microsleeps. Greater activation of dopaminergic pathways dopamine production in the...
of sleep. Even ultra-short periods of sleep lasting seconds, termed microsleeps, have been shown to cause a relapse in symptoms. One meta-analysis of...
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