Side comparison of microneedle (350μm in depth) to standard hollow-bore needle[1]
Microneedles or Microneedle patches or Microarray patches are micron-scaled medical devices used to administer vaccines, drugs, and other therapeutic agents.[2] While microneedles were initially explored for transdermal drug delivery applications, their use has been extended for the intraocular, vaginal, transungual, cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, and intracochlear delivery of drugs.[3][4][5] Microneedles are constructed through various methods, usually involving photolithographic processes or micromolding.[6] These methods involve etching microscopic structure into resin or silicon in order to cast microneedles. Microneedles are made from a variety of material ranging from silicon, titanium, stainless steel, and polymers.[7][1] Some microneedles are made of a drug to be delivered to the body but are shaped into a needle so they will penetrate the skin. The microneedles range in size, shape, and function but are all used as an alternative to other delivery methods like the conventional hypodermic needle or other injection apparatus.
Microneedles are usually applied through even single needle or small arrays. The arrays used are a collection of microneedles, ranging from only a few microneedles to several hundred, attached to an applicator, sometimes a patch or other solid stamping device. The arrays are applied to the skin of patients and are given time to allow for the effective administration of drugs. Microneedles are an easier method for physicians as they require less training to apply and because they are not as hazardous as other needles, making the administration of drugs to patients safer and less painful while also avoiding some of the drawbacks of using other forms of drug delivery, such as risk of infection, production of hazardous waste, or cost.
^ abMcConville A, Hegarty C, Davis J (June 2018). "Mini-Review: Assessing the Potential Impact of Microneedle Technologies on Home Healthcare Applications". Medicines. 5 (2): 50. doi:10.3390/medicines5020050. PMC 6023334. PMID 29890643.
^Cite error: The named reference :3,4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Panda A, Matadh VA, Suresh S, Shivakumar HN, Murthy SN (January 2022). "Non-dermal applications of microneedle drug delivery systems". Drug Delivery and Translational Research. 12 (1): 67–78. doi:10.1007/s13346-021-00922-9. PMID 33629222. S2CID 232047454.
^Thakur RR, Tekko IA, Al-Shammari F, Ali AA, McCarthy H, Donnelly RF (December 2016). "Rapidly dissolving polymeric microneedles for minimally invasive intraocular drug delivery". Drug Delivery and Translational Research. 6 (6): 800–815. doi:10.1007/s13346-016-0332-9. PMC 5097091. PMID 27709355.
^Peppi M, Marie A, Belline C, Borenstein JT (April 2018). "Intracochlear drug delivery systems: a novel approach whose time has come". Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 15 (4): 319–324. doi:10.1080/17425247.2018.1444026. PMID 29480039.
^Kim YC, Park JH, Prausnitz MR (November 2012). "Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 64 (14): 1547–1568. doi:10.1016/j.addr.2012.04.005. PMC 3419303. PMID 22575858.
^Park JH, Allen MG, Prausnitz MR (May 2005). "Biodegradable polymer microneedles: fabrication, mechanics and transdermal drug delivery". Journal of Controlled Release. 104 (1): 51–66. doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2005.02.002. PMID 15866334.
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drugs, and other therapeutic agents. While microneedles were initially explored for transdermal drugdelivery applications, their use has been extended...
Sagar; Patravale, Vandana (2019-02-01). "Microneedles for transdermal drugdelivery: a systematic review". Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 45...
of microneedle patches have been developed for administering vaccines and other medications to reduce the risk of needlestick injury. Drugdelivery is...
Prausnitz, Mark R. (May 7, 2018). "Drugdelivery using microneedle patches: not just for skin". Expert Opinion on DrugDelivery. 15 (6): 541–543. doi:10.1080/17425247...
up microneedle in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Microneedle may refer to : Elements of a microneedle array/patch for transdermal drugdelivery microneedling...
Suprachoroidal drugdelivery is an ocular route of drug administration. It involves using a microneedle to provide a minimally invasive method and injecting...
bioavailability of these drugs. In particular permeation enhancers, ionic liquids, lipid-based nanocarriers, enzyme inhibitors and microneedles have shown potential...
first paper on microneedle use for drugdelivery in 1998, conducted the first clinical trials of drug and vaccine delivery using microneedles, founded seven...
transdermal patches used for medicine delivery. The drug is administered in the form of a patch or ointment that delivers the drug into the circulation for systemic...
Singh, TR; Donnelly, RF (18 December 2013). "Microneedles for intradermal and transdermal drugdelivery". European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences...
cells include hydrogel and polymeric gel-based delivery systems, thin polymeric films, and microneedle patches. Most of these devices, currently still...
"Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery". Advanced DrugDelivery Reviews. Emerging micro- and nanotechnologies for the development of novel drug delivery...
which microneedling devices are used on the skin (e.g., transdermal drugdelivery, vaccination). It is a technique for which research is ongoing, but...
comprising glucose-sensitive microneedle-array loaded with insulin for blood glucose regulation. Once applied on the skin, the microneedles penetrate under the...
A microneedle approach, which is still in stages of development, uses "pointed projections fabricated into arrays that can create vaccine delivery pathways...
structure. Current promising research is underway utilizing hydrogel microneedles in an attempt to bypass the obstacles in skin permeation. Garfield, Leanna...
Larrañeta, E., & Siccardi, M. (2019). Modelling the intradermal delivery of microneedle array patches for long-acting antiretrovirals using PBPK. European...
; Vucen, Sonja; Moore, Anne C. (2022). "Trends in drug- and vaccine-based dissolvable microneedle materials and methods of fabrication". European Journal...
a single sperm carefully injected into the center of an egg using a microneedle. With ICSI, only one sperm per egg is needed. Without ICSI, you need...
definition was published. Aptananozymes were developed. Ceria nanozyme loaded microneedles helped hair regrowth. A catalase-like platinum nanozyme was used for...
PMID 33764882. Prausnitz, Mark R. (2017). "Engineering Microneedle Patches for Vaccination and DrugDelivery to Skin". Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular...
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