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Mianfu
Painting of Wanli Emperor of the Ming dynasty wearing mianfu
Type
Traditional imperial robe as part of hanfu
Place of origin
Shang dynasty, China
Introduced
Liao dynasty, Jin dynasty (1115–1234), Korea (at least since 1065 AD), Japan, Vietnam. Yuan Dynasty
Mianfu
Chinese name
Chinese
冕服
Literal meaning
Coronation clothing
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Miǎnfú
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabet
Cổn Miện Miện phục
Chữ Hán
袞冕 冕服
Korean name
Hangul
면복
Hanja
冕服
Transcriptions
Revised Romanization
Myeonbok
Mianfu (Chinese: 冕服; pinyin: miǎnfú; lit. 'coronation costume') is a kind of Chinese clothing in hanfu; it was worn by emperors, kings, and princes, and in some instances by the nobles in historical China from the Shang to the Ming dynasty. The mianfu is the highest level of formal dress worn by Chinese monarchs and the ruling families in special ceremonial events such as coronation, morning audience, ancestral rites, worship, new year's audience and other ceremonial activities. There were various forms of mianfu, and the mianfu also had its own system of attire called the mianfu system which was developed back in the Western Zhou dynasty.[1]: 14 [2] The mianfu was used by every dynasty from Zhou dynasty onward until the collapse of the Ming dynasty. The Twelve Ornaments were used on the traditional imperial robes in China,[3]: 88 including on the mianfu.[4] These Twelve Ornaments were later adopted in clothing of other ethnic groups; for examples, the Khitan and the Jurchen rulers adopted the Twelve ornaments in 946 AD and in 1140 AD respectively.[3]: 88 The Korean kings have also adopted clothing embellished with nine out of the Twelve ornaments since 1065 AD after the Liao emperor had bestowed a nine-symbol robe (Chinese: 九章服; pinyin: jiǔzhāngfú) to the Korean king, King Munjong, in 1043 AD[3]: 88 where it became known as gujangbok (Korean: 구장복; Hanja: 九章服; RR: gujangbok).[5]
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Gu, Weilie (2022). A GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO CHINESE CULTURE. Translated by Sun, Lixin. American Academic Press. ISBN 9781631815379.
^ abcKwon, Cheeyun Lilian (2019). Efficacious underworld : the evolution of Ten Kings paintings in medieval China and Korea. Honolulu. ISBN 978-0-8248-5603-8. OCLC 1098213341.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Gujangbok: Ceremonial Robe Symbolizing the King's Prestige | Curator's Picks". NATIONAL MUSEUM OF KOREA. Retrieved 2022-10-13.
Mianfu (Chinese: 冕服; pinyin: miǎnfú; lit. 'coronation costume') is a kind of Chinese clothing in hanfu; it was worn by emperors, kings, and princes, and...
Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910) in Korea. Myeonbok was adopted from Chinese Mianfu, and is worn by kings at special events such as the coronation, morning...
types of mianfu which were worn by emperors, princes and officials according to their titles. The emperors also wore bianfu (only second to mianfu) when...
the imperial family. The portrait of the Wanli Emperor (1563–1620) in his mianfu features all twelve ornaments: the sun (日, rì) with the three-legged crow...
reserved especially for important sacrificial events. The mianguan and the mianfu were worn beginning in the Zhou dynasty, based on the ceremonial and ritual-culture...
dress. In the Zhou dynasty, the bianfu was only ranked-second after the mianfu and it was worn by the emperors when he would work on official business...
Mawangdui in Changsha (Hunan province, China), from the 2nd century BC The mianfu of Emperor Wu of Jin dynasty, 7th-century painting by court artist Yan Liben...
his fellow peers. He is even said to have painted and powdered his face (mianfu fenmo 面傅粉墨) while acting on stage. He is credited with the writing of 68...
while the lower garment represents the Earth (Kun). It is also why the mianfu (and the yichang in the Yi Jing) has a black upper garment and typically...
Ornaments.: 56 The mianfu was the attire which projected the authority of the Chinese Emperor in the Sinosphere.: 56 The mianfu was introduced in Korea...
occasions. Shang – Ming Changfu 常服 The dragon robe for daily wear. Tang – Qing Mianfu 冕服 Attire worn by emperors and crown princes. Shang – Ming Tongtianguanfu...
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