For an explanation of very similar terms, see Excavata.
Metamonad
Giardia lamblia, a parasitic diplomonad
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
(unranked):
Excavata
Phylum:
Metamonada Grassé 1952 emend. Cavalier-Smith 2003
Classes & orders
Anaeramoebidae[1]
Parabasalia
Trichonymphea
Trichomonadea
Anaeromonada
Anaeromonadea
Fornicata
Carpediemonadida
Retortamonadida
Diplomonadida
Synonyms[2]
?Archezoa
Centrosomea Chatton Villeneuve 1937
Metamonadina Grassé 1952
Polymastigota Butschli 1884
Tetramastigota Hulsmann & Hausmann 1994
The metamonads are a large group of flagellate amitochondriate microscopic eukaryotes. Their composition is not entirely settled, but they include the retortamonads, diplomonads, and possibly the parabasalids and oxymonads as well. These four groups are all anaerobic (many being aerotolerant anaerobes), occurring mostly as symbiotes or parasites of animals, as is the case with Giardia lamblia which causes diarrhea in mammals.[2]
^Stairs, Courtney W.; Táborský, Petr; Salomaki, Eric D.; Kolisko, Martin; Pánek, Tomáš; Eme, Laura; Hradilová, Miluše; Vlček, Čestmír; Jerlström-Hultqvist, Jon; Roger, Andrew J.; Čepička, Ivan (2021-12-20). "Anaeramoebae are a divergent lineage of eukaryotes that shed light on the transition from anaerobic mitochondria to hydrogenosomes". Current Biology. 31 (24): 5605–5612.e5. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.010. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 34710348. S2CID 240054026.
^ abAl Jewari, Caesar; Baldauf, Sandra L. (2023-04-28). "An excavate root for the eukaryote tree of life". Science Advances. 9 (17): eade4973. Bibcode:2023SciA....9E4973A. doi:10.1126/sciadv.ade4973. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10146883. PMID 37115919.
The metamonads are a large group of flagellate amitochondriate microscopic eukaryotes. Their composition is not entirely settled, but they include the...
shown to contain three widely separated eukaryote groups, the discobids, metamonads, and malawimonads. A current view of the composition of the excavates...
only vestigial mitochondria or derived structures: The microsporidians, metamonads, and archamoebae. These groups appear as the most primitive eukaryotes...
to bacterial RNA than to eukaryote RNA. Some eukaryotes, such as the metamonads Giardia and Trichomonas, and the amoebozoan Pelomyxa, appear to lack mitochondria...
from top left: red algae, kelp, ciliate, golden alga, dinoflagellate, metamonad, amoeba, slime mold. Scientific classification (paraphyletic) Domain:...
kinetosomes, one or two vanes in posterior cilium. 3 Metamonada Middle monads Metamonads Anaerobic or microaerophilic, some without mitochondria; four kinetosomes...
protist (Amoebozoa) without mitochondria Monocercomonoides, a protist (Metamonad) without mitochondria Loricifera, other metazoans; some species don't...
duodenalis, which causes giardiasis in humans. They are placed among the metamonads, and appear to be particularly close relatives of the retortamonads. Most...
microbial community that includes bacteria, flagellate protists such as metamonads and hypermastigids. This community provides the enzymes that digests the...
Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic, flagellated protozoan parasite and the causative agent of a sexually transmitted disease called trichomoniasis....
Giardia (/dʒiːˈɑːrdiə/ or /ˈdʒɑːrdiə/) is a genus of anaerobic flagellated protozoan parasites of the phylum Metamonada that colonise and reproduce in...
microbial community that includes bacteria, flagellate protists such as metamonads and hypermastigids. This community provides the enzymes that digests the...
Hexamita is a genus of parasitic diplomonads. It is related to Giardia. H. columbae and H. meleagridis live in the intestines of birds. H. muris and H...
Trichomonas gallinae is a cosmopolitan parasite of birds including finches, pigeons, doves, turkeys, chickens, parrots, and raptors (hawks, golden eagle...
Trichomonas is a genus of anaerobic excavate parasites of vertebrates. It was first discovered by Alfred François Donné in 1836 when he found these parasites...
186 taxa, Al Jewari and Baldauf proposed a phylogenetic tree with the metamonad Parabasalia as basal Eukaryotes. Discoba and the rest of the Eukaryota...
Octomitus is a genus of Excavata. It includes the species Octomitus intestinalis. Keeling PJ, Brugerolle G (June 2006). "Evidence from SSU rRNA phylogeny...
Dientamoeba fragilis is a species of single-celled excavates found in the gastrointestinal tract of some humans, pigs and gorillas. It causes gastrointestinal...
Giardia duodenalis, also known as Giardia intestinalis and Giardia lamblia, is a flagellated parasitic protozoan microorganism of the genus Giardia that...
parabasalids are probably related to them, forming a group called the metamonads. They lack the feeding grooves found in most others, but this is probably...
Giardia microti is a species of Diplomonad parasitic protozoan. Its hosts mainly consist of rodents in the family Cricetidae, which includes voles, mice...
kingdom of Archezoa, along with other amitochondriate eukaryotes, the Metamonads and the Microsporidia. The primitivity of Pelomyxa came into doubt in...
nucleus-encoded genes often place malawimonads as close relatives of metamonads. Since 2016, most phylogenomic shows place malawimonads separately from...
Inagaki, Yuji (2020-09-09). "Barthelonids represent a deep-branching metamonad clade with mitochondrion-related organelles predicted to generate no ATP"...
as sister of the Diaphoretickes. Basal Scotokaryote groupings are the Metamonads, the Malawimonas and the Podiata. In this phylogeny the Discoba are sometimes...
Dysnectes brevis is a member of Fornicata. Yubuki N, Inagaki Y, Nakayama T, Inouye I (2007). "Ultrastructure and ribosomal RNA phylogeny of the free-living...
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