Coma Pinwheel Galaxy, Virgo Cluster Pinwheel, M99, NGC 4254, PGC 39578, UGC 7345[9]
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Messier 99 or M99, also known as NGC 4254 or St. Catherine's Wheel, is a grand design spiral galaxy in the northern constellation Coma Berenices approximately 15,000,000 parsecs (49,000,000 light-years) from the Milky Way.[5] It was discovered by Pierre Méchain on 17 March 1781. The discovery was then reported to Charles Messier, who included the object in the Messier Catalogue of comet-like objects. It was one of the first galaxies in which a spiral pattern was seen. This pattern was first identified by Lord Rosse in the spring of 1846.[10][11]
This galaxy has a morphological classification of SA(s)c,[8] indicating a pure spiral shape with loosely wound arms. It has a peculiar shape with one normal looking arm and an extended arm that is less tightly wound. The galaxy is inclined by 42° to the line-of-sight with a major axis position angle of 68°.[6]
A bridge of neutral hydrogen gas links NGC 4254 with VIRGOHI21, an HI region and a possible dark galaxy. The gravity from the latter may have distorted M99 and drawn out the gas bridge, as the two galaxy-sized objects may have had a close encounter before parting greatly. However, VIRGOHI21 may instead be tidal debris from an interaction with the lenticular galaxy NGC 4262 some 280 million years ago.[6] It is expected that the drawn out arm will relax to match the normal arm once the encounter is over.
While not classified as a starburst galaxy, M99 has a star formation activity three times larger than other galaxies of similar Hubble type that may have been triggered by the encounter.[12] M99 is likely entering the Virgo Cluster for the first time bound to the periphery of the cluster at a projected separation of 3.7°, or around one megaparsec, from the cluster center at Messier 87. The galaxy is undergoing ram-pressure stripping of much of its interstellar medium as it moves through the intracluster medium.[6]
Four supernovae have been observed in this galaxy: SN 1967H (type II, mag. 14.6),[13] SN 1972Q (type unknown, mag. 15.8), SN 1986I (type II, mag. 14),[14] and SN 2014L (type Ic, mag. 15.4).[15]
March 1781. The discovery was then reported to Charles Messier, who included the object in the Messier Catalogue of comet-like objects. It was one of the...
The Messier objects are a set of 110 astronomical objects catalogued by the French astronomer Charles Messier in his Catalogue des Nébuleuses et des Amas...
children to take up the sport." Messier was born in St. Albert, Alberta, the son of Mary-Jean (Dea) and Doug Messier. He was the second son and third...
with the large spiral galaxy Messier99. These are now separated by 1,300,000 ly (400,000 pc). List of Messier objects Messier 86, another blueshifted galaxy...
and was communicated that year to Charles Messier, who verified its position for inclusion in the Messier Catalogue as one of its final entries. On February...
discovered on May 3, 1764, and was the first Messier object to be discovered by Charles Messier himself. Messier originally mistook the object for a nebula...
Retrieved 1 November 2008. "Messier 81". SEDS. Archived from the original on 23 December 2015. S. J. O'Meara (1998). The Messier Objects. Cambridge University...
Catherine-wheel pincushion (Leucospermum catherinae), a flowering evergreen Messier99, a spiral galaxy that is also known as St. Catherine's Wheel Pinwheel...
M99 or M-99 may refer to: M-99 (Michigan highway), a state highway in south central Michigan Messier99, an unbarred spiral galaxy approximately 60 million...
to Messier 41. Messier 41 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images Messier 41, SEDS Messier pages...
photographs. In 1846 and in 1849 Lord Rosse identified similar pattern in Messier99 and Messier 33 respectively. In 1850 he made the first drawing of Andromeda...
brightest member is the elliptical galaxy Messier 49; however its most famous member is the elliptical galaxy Messier 87, which is located in the center of...
Messier 31". Astrophysical Journal. 69: 103–158. Bibcode:1929ApJ....69..103H. doi:10.1086/143167. Baade, Walter (1944). "The Resolution of Messier 32...
later verified by his colleague Charles Messier on June 14, 1779. The galaxy became listed as object 63 in the Messier Catalogue. In the mid-19th century,...
; et al. (2011), "PTF 10fqs: A Luminous Red Nova in the Spiral Galaxy Messier99", Nature, 730 (2): 134, arXiv:1111.6109, Bibcode:2012ApJ...755..161K,...
in Sagittarius Wide field view of M22 New General Catalogue Messier object List of Messier objects List of globular clusters on August 26 on June 5 the...
suggestion to assign the galaxy a Messier number was made by Kenneth Glyn Jones in 1967, making it the last member of the Messier List. This galaxy has a morphological...
was independently rediscovered in 1758 by Charles Messier as he was observing a bright comet. Messier catalogued it as the first entry in his catalogue...
Nebula List of diffuse nebulae List of Messier objects Messier 43, which is part of the Orion Nebula Messier 78, a reflection nebula New General Catalogue...
Nebula Trifid Nebula seen at different wavelengths List of Messier objects List of nebulae Messier object New General Catalogue Wikipedia Project: Astronomical...
close-up view of the rose-coloured star forming region Messier 17. List of Messier objects Messier object New General Catalogue "NGC 6618". SIMBAD. Centre...
2012, it burst out again in 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. Messier99 – a similar spiral galaxy Hubble Space Telescope showing the inner structure...
Greschner, 1986–1987 Kelly Kisio, 1987–1991 Mark Messier, 1991–1997 Brian Leetch, 1997–2000 Mark Messier, 2000–2004 Jaromir Jagr, 2006–2008 Chris Drury...
..870...32K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaef8c. S2CID 119328315. "Messier 16". SEDS Messier Catalog. Archived from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved...
had observed the nova S Andromedae within the Great Andromeda Nebula (Messier object 31). Searching the photographic record, he found 11 more novae....
Messier 32 (also known as M32 and NGC 221) is a dwarf "early-type" galaxy about 2,650,000 light-years (810,000 pc) from the Solar System, appearing in...
82 Jean Ratelle – 82 Mark Messier – 72 Brian Leetch – 514: Sort by PPP Rod Gilbert – 323 James Patrick – 237 Mark Messier – 232 Jean Ratelle – 223 Ron...