Mariner 2 engineering model, identical to Mariner 1
Mission type
Venus flyby
Operator
NASA / JPL
Mission duration
294.5 seconds Failed to orbit
Spacecraft properties
Spacecraft type
Mariner based on Ranger Block I
Manufacturer
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Launch mass
202.8 kilograms (447 lb)
Start of mission
Launch date
July 22, 1962, 09:21:23 (1962-07-22UTC09:21:23Z) GMT
Rocket
Atlas LV-3 Agena-B
Launch site
Cape Canaveral, LC-12
Mariner
Mariner 2 →
Mariner 1, built to conduct the first American planetary flyby of Venus, was the first spacecraft of NASA's interplanetary Mariner program. Developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and originally planned to be a purpose-built probe launched summer 1962, Mariner 1's design was changed when the Centaur proved unavailable at that early date. Mariner 1 (and its sibling spacecraft, Mariner 2), were then adapted from the lighter Ranger lunar spacecraft. Mariner 1 carried a suite of experiments to determine the temperature of Venus as well to measure magnetic fields and charged particles near the planet and in interplanetary space.
Mariner 1 was launched by an Atlas-Agena rocket from Cape Canaveral's Pad 12 on July 22, 1962. Shortly after liftoff, errors in communication between the rocket and its ground-based guidance systems caused the rocket to veer off course, and it had to be destroyed by range safety. The errors were traced to a mistake in a specification of the hand-written guidance equations which were then subsequently codified in the computer program.
Mariner1, built to conduct the first American planetary flyby of Venus, was the first spacecraft of NASA's interplanetary Mariner program. Developed by...
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first to orbit Mercury Mariner program Mariner1, launched July 1962, failed – intended to be first American flyby of Venus Mariner 2, launched August 1962...
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