"Maria II" redirects here. For other uses, see Queen Mary II.
For other people with the same name, see Maria of Portugal.
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Maria II
Queen of Portugal
1st reign
2 May 1826 – 23 June 1828
Predecessor
Pedro IV
Successor
Miguel I
Regents
Infanta Isabel Maria (1826–1828) Infante Miguel, Duke of Beja (Feb–Jul 1828)
2nd reign
26 May 1834 – 15 November 1853
Acclamation
20 September 1834
Predecessor
Miguel I
Successor
Pedro V
Co-monarch
Fernando II (1837–1853)
Regent
Pedro IV (May–Sep 1834)
Born
(1819-04-04)4 April 1819 Palace of São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Died
15 November 1853(1853-11-15) (aged 34) Necessidades Palace, Lisbon, Portugal
Burial
19 November 1853
Pantheon of the House of Braganza
Spouses
Auguste, Duke of Leuchtenberg
(m. 1835; died 1835)
Ferdinand II of Portugal
(m. 1836)
Issue Detail
Pedro V, King of Portugal
Luís I, King of Portugal
Infante João, Duke of Beja
Maria Ana, Princess George of Saxony
Antónia, Princess of Hohenzollern
Infante Fernando
Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra
Names
Portuguese: Maria da Glória Joana Carlota Leopoldina da Cruz Francisca Xavier de Paula Isidora Micaela Gabriela Rafaela Gonzaga de Habsburgo-Lorena e Bragança
House
Braganza
Father
Pedro I of Brazil and IV of Portugal
Mother
Maria Leopoldina of Austria
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Signature
Dona Maria II (4 April 1819 – 15 November 1853) "the Educator" (Portuguese: "a Educadora") or "the Good Mother" (Portuguese: "a Boa Mãe"), was Queen of Portugal from 1826 to 1828, and again from 1834 to 1853.
Maria was born in Rio de Janeiro during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King Dom João VI. She was the first child of the Duke and Duchess of Braganza, who later became Emperor Dom Pedro I and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina of Brazil. In 1826, her father became king of Portugal but quickly abdicated in favour of the seven-year-old Maria. Emperor Pedro's brother Miguel became regent and was to marry Maria when she came of age. Miguel, upon his arrival in Portugal in early 1828, immediately deposed Maria and declared himself king, thus beginning the Liberal Wars over royal succession. During most of the war, Maria pursued her education in Paris, while her father (having abdicated the Brazilian throne in 1831) returned to Europe and led a military expedition in support of Maria's claim. In 1834, Miguel was forced to abdicate and Maria was restored to the throne. She remained a member of the Brazilian imperial family until 1835 when she was excluded from the Brazilian line of succession by law.
Maria's second reign was marked by continued political turmoil. In January 1835, she married Auguste, Duke of Leuchtenberg, who died two months after their marriage. In April 1836, Maria remarried to Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Maria's second husband was proclaimed King Dom Fernando II a year later in accordance with Portuguese law following the birth of their first child, Pedro. Maria faced a series of difficult pregnancies and ultimately died in childbirth in 1853, at the age of 34. She was succeeded by her eldest son, Dom Pedro V.
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