This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Mare reproductive loss syndrome" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS) is a syndrome consisting of equine abortions and three related nonreproductive syndromes which occur in horses of all breeds, sexes, and ages. MRLS was first observed in the U.S. state of Kentucky in a three-week period around May 5, 2001, when about 20–30% of Kentucky's pregnant mares suffered abortions. A primary infectious cause was rapidly ruled out, and the search began for a candidate toxin. No abortifacient toxins were identified.
In the spring of 2001, Kentucky had experienced an extraordinarily heavy infestation of eastern tent caterpillars (ETCs). An epidemiological study showed ETCs to be associated with MRLS. When ETCs returned to Kentucky in the spring of 2002, equine exposure to caterpillars was immediately shown to produce abortions. Research then focused on how the ETCs produced the abortions. Reviewing the speed with which ETCs produced late-term abortions in 2002 experiments, the nonspecific bacterial infections in the placenta/fetus were assigned a primary driving role. The question then became how exposure to the caterpillars produced these non-specific bacterial infections of the affected placenta/fetus and also the uveitis and pericarditis cases.
Reviewing the barbed nature of ETC hairs (setae), intestinal blood vessel penetration by barbed setal fragments was shown to introduce barbed setal fragments and associated bacterial contaminants into intestinal collecting blood vessels (septic penetrating setae). Distribution of these materials following cardiac output would deliver these materials to all tissues in the body (septic penetrating setal emboli). About 15% of cardiac output goes to the late-term fetus, at which point the septic barbed setal fragments are positioned to penetrate placental tissues which lack an immune response. Bacterial proliferation, therefore, proceeds unchecked and the late-term fetus is rapidly aborted.
Similar events occur with the early-term fetus, but as a much smaller target receiving an equivalently smaller fraction of cardiac output, the early-term fetus is less likely to be "hit" by a randomly distributing setal fragment. Since this MRLS pathogenesis model was first proposed in 2002, other caterpillar-related abortion syndromes have been recognized, most notably equine amnionitis and fetal loss in Australia, and more recently, a long-recognized relationship between pregnant camels eating caterpillars and abortions among the camel pastoralists in the western Sahara.
and 27 Related for: Mare reproductive loss syndrome information
of genus Prunus have also been theorized to be at fault for marereproductivelosssyndrome. Some plants, including yews, are deadly and extremely fast-acting...
Down syndrome or Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome...
and get through the bloodstream to the reproductive system. This process causes MareReproductiveLossSyndrome. The illness facilitated by these insects...
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation are a collection of evolutionary mechanisms, behaviors and physiological processes critical for speciation. They...
"Classification of Actinobacillus spp isolates from horses involved in marereproductivelosssyndrome". American Journal of Veterinary Research. 67 (8): 1426–1432...
intention of establishing a successful pregnancy. IVF is a type of assisted reproductive technology used for infertility treatment, gestational surrogacy, and...
Urinalysis and culture HIV screen Genetic screening for Down syndrome (trisomy 21) and Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18), the national standard in the United States...
Endometrosis is a chronic degenerative syndrome of the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) in mares. There are no explicit symptoms and the cause is...
achieve erection within 2 minutes of contact with an estrus mare, and mount the estrus mare 5–10 seconds afterward. A bird penis is different in structure...
(1994). "The chronic fatigue syndrome: A comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group". Annals of...
M.; Schäffler, Livia (18 December 2007). "The lemur syndrome unresolved: extreme male reproductive skew in sifakas (Propithecus verreauxi), a sexually...
essential for the attainment of the highest possible level of sexual and reproductive health". Historically, abortions have been attempted using herbal medicines...
pathogenesis—was the syndrome renamed. Limited occurrences resembling CCD were documented as early as 1869. A well-documented outbreak of colony losses spread from...
Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a syndrome in which disordered eating (or low energy availability), amenorrhoea/oligomenorrhoea (in women)...
"Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) - University of Strathclyde". www.strath.ac.uk. Retrieved 2022-03-28. "Noise and Hearing Loss Prevention: Facts and...
alien abduction (also called abduction phenomenon, alien abduction syndrome, or UFO abduction) refers to the phenomenon of people reporting what they believe...
as the genitourinary syndrome of menopause as a more comprehensive term. The vulva has a major role to play in the reproductive system. It provides entry...
blood triglyceride levels and leptin levels, hypertension, and reproductive changes in mares (an increased diestrus period, and a lack of anestrus). Horses...
to select, attract, and retain mates. Mating strategies overlap with reproductive strategies, which encompass a broader set of behaviors involving the...
Self-esteem and body image changes can occur due to hair loss, removal of ovaries and other reproductive structures, and scars. There is some improvement after...
form of both natural preparations manufactured from the urine of pregnant mares and fully synthetic replications of the natural preparations. They are formulated...