Marcus Caelius (center) as potrayed in his cenotaph
Born
c. March 45 BC Bononia (Bologna, Italy)
Died
c. September AD 9 (aged 52–53+1⁄2) Kalkriese, Germania
Allegiance
Roman Empire
Branch
Roman Army
Rank
Primus pilus
Unit
XVIII Roman Legion
Battles/wars
Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16)
Battle of the Teutoburg Forest †
Relations
Titus Caelius (father) Publius Caelius (brother) Thiaminus Caelius (freedman) Privatus Caelius (freedman)
Marcus Caelius (c. March 45 BC – c. September AD 9) was the senior centurion (Primus pilus) in XVIII Roman Legion who was killed in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.[1] He is known from his cenotaph, which was discovered in 1620 in Birten (now a part of Xanten), Germany.[2] Caelius is depicted wearing his military uniform, with phalerae (a type of military decoration), armillae (a type of bracelet), and a corona civica (an award for saving a fellow citizen's life), while in his right hand, he holds a vitis (carried by all centurions). On either side of his image are his freedmen (non-combatant servants), Privatus and Thiaminus; both of whom perished with the Roman baggage train in the battle.
The tombstone's lower left corner is damaged, but enough survives to determine that the text below the image once read:
MarcusCaelius (c. March 45 BC – c. September AD 9) was the senior centurion (Primus pilus) in XVIII Roman Legion who was killed in the Battle of the Teutoburg...
MarcusCaelius Rufus (died 48 BC) was an orator and politician in the late Roman Republic. He was born into a wealthy equestrian family from Interamnia...
The name Caelius (sometimes spelled Coelius) is an ancient Roman nomen and may refer to: Caelius Vibenna (8th century BC), a noble Etruscan Gaius Coelius...
given on 4 April 56 BC, by the famed Roman orator Marcus Tullius Cicero in defence of MarcusCaelius Rufus, who had once been Cicero's pupil but more recently...
including Marcus Aurelius and the members of the Severan dynasty. In 212, the Constitutio Antoniniana of Caracalla (whose full name was Marcus Aurelius...
ancient Rome. The nomen Caelius is frequently confounded with Coelius and Caecilius, with some individuals referred to as Caelius in manuscripts, while...
notation appears prominently on the cenotaph of their senior centurion MarcusCaelius (c. 45 BC – 9 AD). On the publicly displayed official Roman calendars...
Ahenobarbus, was Pompey's client. Milo was defended by Marcus Tullius Cicero, MarcusCaelius Rufus and Marcus Marcellus. Under Pompey's new procedural rules,...
classischen Altertumswissenschaft (RE). — 1975. — Bd. VIII А, 1. — Sp. 234. MarcusCaelius Rufus, apud Cicero, Epistulae ad Familiares, viii. 7. Volkmann H. Valerius...
to Cicero's Caelius. One objection to poem 100 referring to Cicero's Caelius is that he is said to be from Verona, while Cicero's Caelius (if the text...
families of the gens used primarily Gaius, Publius, Tiberius, and Marcus. The Tuditani used Marcus, Gaius, and Publius, while their contemporaries, the Gracchi...
trial of MarcusCaelius Rufus, where one of the prosecutors, Sempronius Atratinus, called him a "pretty-boy Jason" (pulchellus Iason). Marcus Calpurnius...
agents, and the strongest suspicion of the murder fell upon MarcusCaelius. The defence of Caelius in April 56 BC, the Pro Caelio, is considered one of Cicero's...
been allied with Ptolemy XII in The Venus Throw, in which he utilized MarcusCaelius to achieve his goals. In A Murder on the Appian Way, he tasks Gordianus...
achieved during the Great Illyrian revolt under the command of the general Marcus Valerius Messalla Messallinus. The legion had a boar as its emblem. The...
famous tombstones from the Roman world is one of a centurion named MarcusCaelius. The inscription reads thus: M[arco] CAELIO T[iti] F[ilio] LEM[onia...
tribune of the plebs in 52 BC and was a supporter of triumvir Pompey. MarcusCaelius Rufus accused Pompeius of violating laws of the Roman Senate which he...
Marcellinus and Lucius Marcius Philippus. Clodia accuses her former lover MarcusCaelius Rufus of trying to poison her. The trial ends with the defendant acquitted...
A cenotaph to MarcusCaelius, a centurion of Legio XVIII killed at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest. Note the prominent display of the vine staff, his...
century BC), poet MarcusCaelius Rufus (87–48 BC), orator, correspondent with Cicero Gaius Sallustius Crispus (86–34 BC), historian Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis...
Marcus Roscius Coelius (or Caelius) was a Roman military officer of the 1st century AD. He was appointed suffect consul for the nundinium March-April AD...
doi:10.2307/284012. ISSN 0360-5949. JSTOR 284012. Cicero, Marcus Tullius. For MarcusCaelius. Smith, William (1867), "T. Accius", in Smith, William (ed...
under Quintus Mucius Scaevola. In the same way, years later, a young MarcusCaelius Rufus and other young lawyers would study under Cicero; an association...
Roman Empire would launch no other major incursion into Germania until Marcus Aurelius (r. 161–180) during the Marcomannic Wars. Some of the descendants...
Vatinius at the trial of Sestius) (56 BC) Pro Caelio (In Defense of MarcusCaelius Rufus): English translation (56 BC) Pro Balbo (In Defense of Lucius...
September 15 – Publius Quinctilius Varus, Roman general (b. 46 BC) MarcusCaelius, Roman centurion (b. c. 45 BC) Kamm, Antony (August 13, 2008). The Romans:...
Querquetulani as a designation of the previous inhabitants of Caelius, in pre-Etruscan times. Mons Caelius would have been included in the city perimeter under...
May 28 – Licinius Macer Calvus, Roman orator and poet (d. c. 47 BC) MarcusCaelius Rufus, Roman orator and politician (d. c. 48 BC) Varro Atacinus, Roman...
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